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Author: 


Title: 


William  Whitman, 
manufacturer,  merchant 

Place: 

Boston 

Date: 

1911 


MASTER    NEGATIVE   « 


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Yfilliam  Vfhitman,  nianufacturer,  merchant,   citi- 
zen;    a  public  recognition  of  dtstincuished 
service,   Boston,  April  26,   1911.     Boston, 
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WILLIAM  WHITMAN 


MANUFACTURER 


MERCHANT 
QTIZEN 


A    PUBLIC    RECOGNITION    OF 


DISTINGUISHED   SERVICE 


THE  UBRARIES 


School  of  Business 


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WILLIAM  WHITMAN 


MANUFACTURER 

MERCHANT 

CITIZEN 


A    PUBLIC    RECOGNITION    OF 
DISTINGUISHED   SERVICE 


BOSTON,  APRIL  26,  I9n 


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BOSTON 
The  Rockwell  and   Churchill    Pre 

1911 


IN    HONOR    OF    WILLIAM    WHITMAN. 


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HIS    DISTINGUISHED    SERVICE   TO    THE  TEXTILE   INDUSTRY 
RECOGNIZED  AT   A  GREAT  DINNER  IN  BOSTON. 


A  REMARKABLE  tribute  was  paid  in  Boston  on  April  26, 
1911,  to  William  Whitman,  who  retired  on  February  1,  after 
seventeen  yeai-s  of  service  as  President  of  the  National 
Association  of  Wool  Manufacturers.  The  Executive  Com- 
mittee of  the  Association  had  voted  on  February  16  to  take 
the  initiative  in  some  proper  recognition  of  Mr.  Whitman's 
distinguished  service  to  the  textile  industry  of  America,  and 
a  committee  consisting  of  Jacob  F.  Brown,  John  Hopewell, 
and  Charles  W.  Leonard  was  appointed  by  President  Wood 
to  form  the  nucleus  of  a  committee  on  arrangements.  This 
committee,  distinctly  representing  the  National  Association 
of  Wool  Manufacturers,  added  to  its  number  six  other 
gentlemen  representative  of  the  cotton  manufacturing,  finan- 
cial and  mercantile  interests  of  Boston  and  New  England. 
The  committee  as  finally  completed  was  as  follows : 

John  Hopewell,  Chairman, 
Jacob  F.  Brown. 
Frederic  C.  Dumaine. 
Edwin  Farnham  Greene. 
Charles  H.  Hutchins. 
Charles  W.  Leonard. 
James  M.  Prendergast. 
Philip  Stockton. 
William  H.  Wellington. 
WiNTHROP  L.  Marvin,  Secretary. 


Invitations  were  issued  in  the  name  of  the  committee  to 
several  hundred  of  Mr.  Whitman's  personal  friends  and  busi- 
ness associates  in  Boston,  New  York,  Philadelphia,  Provi- 
dence, Lawrence,  New  Bedford,  Fall  River,  and  other  cities. 
The  scope  of  the  plan  for  the  dinner  was  a  broad  one.  It 
was  recognized  by  the  committee  that  Mr.  Whitman's  great 
work  as  an  upbuilder  of  industry  appealed  to  men  of  all 
shades  of  political  and  economic  belief,  and  the  result  was  a 
gathering  of  important  business  men  such  as  is  seldom  seen 

in  Boston. 

The  presiding  officer  at  the  dinner  was  John  P.  Wood  of 
Philadelphia,  the  successor  of  Mr.  Whitman  in  the  presi- 
dency of  the  National  Association  of  Wool  Manufacturers. 
The  toastmaster  was  Hon.  John  D.  Long,  one  of  the  most 
distinguished  citizens  of  the  Commonwealth  —  a  former 
Governor,  member  of  Congress,  and  Secretaiy  of  the  Navy 
during  the  war  with  Spain.  The  speakers  represented  a  wide 
range  of  interests. 

The  dinner  was  held  in  the  large  ballroom  of  the  Hotel 
Somerset  at  7  p.m.,  and  was  preceded  by  a  reception  beginning 
at  six-thirty,  where  Mr.  Whitman  received  the  direct  personal 
congratulations  of  the  guests.  The  committee  on  arrange- 
ments was  assisted  at  this  reception  by : 

Samuel  G.  Adams. 
Andrew  Adie. 
F.  H.  Carpenter. 
Joseph  R.  Grundy. 
George  E.  Kunhardt. 
Daniel  D.  Morss. 
Richard  S.  Russell. 
C.  J.  H.  Woodbury. 

At  the   dinner  Mr.  Whitman  sat  on  the   right  hand  of 


President  Wood,  and  at  Mr.  Wood's  left  hand  was  Governor 
Long.     Other  gentlemen  at  the  head  table  were  Dr.  Richard 
C.  Maclaurin,  President  of  the  Massachusetts  Institute  of 
Technology ;  Hon.  Eben  S.  Draper,  ex-Governor  of  the  Com- 
monwealth ;  Franklin  W.  Hobbs,  President  of  the  National 
Association  of  Cotton  Manufacturers  and  Treasurer  of  the 
Arlington  Mills  ;  Hon.  Samuel  L.  Powers,  ex-Representative 
in   Congress   from  Mr.   Whitman's  district ;  Hon.  John  T. 
Cahill,  Mayor  of  Lawrence ;  George  S.  Smith,  President  of 
the  Boston  Chamber  of  Commerce ;  Judge  William  A.  Day 
of  New  York,  President  of  the  Equitable  Life  Assurance 
Society,  in  which  Mr.  Whitman  had  long  served  as  a  fellow- 
director;  John  Hopewell,  of  L.  C.  Chase  &  Company,  chair- 
man of  the  committee  on  arrangements ;  Colonel  George  H. 
Doty,  Assistant  Treasurer  of  the  United  States  at  Boston  ; 
Clarence  Whitman,  of  Clarence  Whitman  &  Company  of  New 
York,  a  brother  of  Mr.  Whitman;  Stephen  O'Meara,  Police 
Commissioner  of  Boston  ;  Frederic  C.  Dumaine,  President  of 
the  Arkwright  Club ;  Hon.  William  B.  Plunkett  of  North 
Adams ;  Frederic  S.  Clark,  President  of  the  American  Asso- 
ciation of 'Woolen  and  Worsted  Manufacturers  and  Vice- 
President  of  the  National  Association  of  Wool  Manufactu- 
rers ;  Charles  H.  Hutchins  of  Worcester,  Vice-President  of 
the  Home  Market  Club,  and  Frederic  P.  Vinton  of  Boston, 
the  eminent  artist  who  has  painted  Mr.  Whitman's  portrait. 
In  opening  the  speech-making  after  the  dinner  President 
Wood  of  the  National  Association  of  Wool  Manufacturers 
said : 

PRESIDENT  JOHN  P.   WOOD. 

It  is,  I  presume,  because  the  Association  for  which.  I  am 
commissioned  to  speak  upon  this  occasion  is  the  oldest  of 
the  national  trade  organizations,  and  the  first  to  engage  the 


interest  of  our  guest  of  honor,  that  I  am  privileged  to  address 
you  first. 

In  certain  high  altitudes  of  government  it  has  lately 
become  fashionable  to  characterize  as  obsolete  anything  that 
has  existed  for  so  great  a  period  of  time  as  thirty  years. 
But  I  confess  to  a  respect  for  venerable  institutions,  be  they 
associations  or  laws,  that  have  stood  the  test  of  time  without 
impairment  of  principle  or  usefulness. 

The  Association  of  Wool  Manufacturers  after  nearly  half 
a  century  of  existence  still  holds  true  to  the  high  purpose 
which  brought  it  into  being ;  and  having  witnessed  the  rise 
and  fall,  the  death  and  burial  of  many  public  agitations 
begotten  by  political  demagogy  and  born  of  popular  hysteria, 
I  doubt  not  it  will  survive  the  present  campaign  of  abuse 
and  untruth,  to  abundantly  justify  the  cause  for  which  it 
has  faithfully  and  fearlessly  labored. 

In  an  address  delivered  at  a  convention  of  manufacturers 
and  growers  of  wool  held  in  Syracuse  about  the  time  when 
Mr.  Whitman  began  his  activity  in  this  great  industry,  a 
distinguished  secretary  of  the  Wool  Manufacturers  Associa- 
tion said : 

"  We  are  as  yet  in  our  infancy  in  our  manufactures.  The 
work  before  us  is  to  clothe  all  the  people  of  the  United  States 
with  our  wool  and  our  fabrics.  We  have  just  commenced 
the  work,  and  when  a  full  supply  of  raw  material  is  furnished, 
and  grower  and  manufacturer  are  encouraged  by  a  stable 
system  of  protection,  the  imagination  can  hardly  conceive 
the  grand  field  which  will  be  opened  in  this  country  in  the 
industrv  of  wool  and  woolens." 

A  PROPHECY  FULFILLED. 

Dr.  Hayes'  anticipation,  so  far  as  it  referred  to  domestic 
wool  manufacture,  is  now  a  fact  accomplished.  Since  that 
time  the  industry  has  been  developed  and  expanded  until  at 
the  present  time  the  woolen  mills  of  the  United  States  are 
abundantly  able  to  produce  all  the  woolen  and  worsted  goods 
required  for  the  clothing  of  our  entire  population. 


Foremost  among  the  pioneers  who  blazed  the  way  for  the 
wonderful  expansion  of  this  industry  to  its  present  propor- 
tions is  the  distinguished  guest  in  whose  honor  we  have 
come  together  to-night. 

Combining  with  an  unusual  skill  in  affairs,  a  keen  fore- 
sight, abounding  faith  and  sublime  courage,  bold  conceptions 
were  by  him  made  practical  realities. 

Possessing  a  public  confidence  in  his  ability  and  rectitude, 
capital,  always  shy,  and  sometimes  wayward,  at  his  command 
was  directed  to  channels  of  industrial  usefulness  that  have 
brought  to  the  communities  in  which  his  activities  have  been 
exercised  benefits  too  vast  to  be  calculable. 

Endowed  with  intellectual  qualities  that  peculiarly  fitted 
him  for  the  study  and  exposition  of  economic  problems,  he 
might  more  easily  have  won  distinction  in  an  academic  life. 
But  the  world  has  been  the  gainer  through  the  application 
of  those  great  talents  to  the  practical  problems  of  commerce 
and  industry. 

A   BENEFICIAL   EXCHANGE. 

Permit  me  to  interject  a  speculative  inquiry  here.  In 
recent  years  some  of  the  great  institutions  of  learning  in  this 
country  and  abroad  have  instituted  the  practice  of  inter- 
changing professors  for  a  term,  the  purpose  being  to  create  a 
broader  and  more  liberal  scholastic  atmosphere  in  the  several 
seats  of  wisdom.  Would  it  not  be  of  incalculable  benefit  if 
this  idea  could  be  given  a  further  extension,  to  the  end  that 
there  might  be  for  brief  periods  a  similar  interchange  between 
the  institutions  of  learning  and  those  institutions  engaged  in 
performing  the  world's  work?  Imagine,  if  you  please,  our 
honored  guest  exchanging  chairs  with  a  learned  professor  of 
political  economy  in  a  famous  university  not  far  distant,  and 
ask  yourselves  whether  the  collegians  or  the  personnel  of  the 
mills  would  derive  the  greatest  benefit  from  the  teaching  of 
the  visiting  instructors. 

The  domain  of  our  guest's  activities  has  been  a  wide  and 


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varied  one.  I  come  from  a  single  field  of  his  labors  to  bear 
testimony  to  his  service  therein. 

For  a  generation  past  Mr.  William  Whitman  has  been  the 
guiding  spirit  in  the  counsels  of  the  National  Association  of 
Wool  Manufacturers  and  for  upwards  of  seventeen  years  has 
served  as  its  president.  His  colleagues  in  the  membership 
of  that  Association  desire  to  fittingly  commemorate  this 
long,  faithful  and  able  service,  and  I  crave  your  indulgence 
for  availing  of  this  occasion  to  announce  the  presentation  to 
Mr.  Whitman  on  behalf  and  in  the  name  of  the  National 
Association  of  Wool  Manufacturers  of  a  porti-ait,  painted  by 
your  eminent  townsman,  Mr.  Frederic  P.  Vinton,  the 
acceptance  of  which  we  ask  as  an  evidence  of  our  regard, 
esteem  and  appreciation.     (Applause.) 

It  would  be  an  act  of  the  greatest  presumption  upon  my 
part  to  venture  to  introduce  to  this  audience  a  fellow  citizen 
of  yours  so  distinguished  that  his  name  has  become  a  house- 
hold word,  not  less  for  the  great  service  that  he  has  rendered 
to  the  state  and  the  nation  than  for  his  charming  personality. 
I  shall  therefore  avoid  any  formal  introduction  and  simply 
now  invite  to  act  as  your  chairman  and  toastmaster  the 
Hon.  John  D.  Long.     (Great  applause.) 

HON.  JOHN  D.  LONG. 

Mr.  President  :  You  have  given  me  the  easiest  place  of 
all.  General  Butler  and  Governor  Talbot  were  once  at  a 
military  ball  in  Lowell.  They  were  leaning  unoccupied 
against  the  wall,  and  in  the  lack  of  other  conversation  Gov- 
ernor Talbot  said  to  General  Butler,  "  General,  don't  you 
dance  ?  "  "  No,"  said  the  General,  "  I  make  other  people 
dance."  A  man  who  could  make  as  good  a  retort  as  that 
ought  to  have  a  bronze  statue  erected  to  his  memory. 
(Laughter  and  applause.)  I  am  not  going  to  dance  to-night ; 
I  am  going  to  make  these  other  fellows  dance,  and  naturally 
the  inference  is  that  I  ought  to  have  a  bronze  statue,  too. 
(Laughter,  and  a  voice  "  You  will." )  I  hope  my  enthusiastic 
friend  will  not  think  of  putting  that  project  into  execution 
at  once.     Will  he  kindly  defer  it  a  few  years  ? 


Well,  to  be  serious,  gentlemen,  I  am  very  happy  indeed  to 
act  as  toastmaster  at  this  dinner  given  in  honor  not  only  of  a 
man  but  also, of  the  interests  he  represents  (applause) — not 
his  interests  alone,  not  merely  the  interests  of  capital,  repre- 
sented so  largely  here  to-night,  but  the  interests  of  a  great 
industry,  which  involves  the  welfare  and  the  fortunes  of 
the  very  foundation  of  our  institutions,  and  that  is  labor. 
(Applause.) 

As  the  President  has  said,  our  guest  has  been  President  of 
the  National  Association  of  Wool  Manufacturers  for  seven- 
teen out  of  its  forty  years  of  existence.  From  the  hard 
beginning  of  an  errand  boy  in  a  Boston  commission  house  he 
has  risen  till  he  stands  as  -the  highest  authority  in  our 
national  cotton  and  woolen  industries  and  the  most  con- 
spicuous figure  in  that  realm.     (Applause.) 

Under  his  directing  hand  are  half  a  dozen  of  the  very 
largest  cotton  and  woolen  mills  in  this  Commonwealth.  The 
annual  output,  as  you  know,  is  enormous.  The  annual 
wages,  I  think  $6,000,000,  are  paid  to  15,000  employees,  mak- 
ing  with  their  families  perhaps  75,000  people  in  Massachu- 
setts whose  comfortable  homes  and  whose  large  opportunities 
for  education  and  free  American  life  are  the  best  evidence  of 
that  superiority  in  the  condition  of  its  labor  which  marks 
Massachusetts,  and  to  which  this  man  has  contributed  by  his 
pen,  his  word,  and  still  more  by  his  constant,  strenuous 
effort.     (Applause.)     That  is  what  he  has  done  for  labor. 

When  you  further  consider  that  there  are  something  like 
140,000  persons  in  our  Commonwealth  emplo^^ed  in  the 
same  lines,  their  product  $250,000,000  a  year,  their  wages 
$50,000,000  a  year,  constituting  with  their  fam^Jies  perhaps 
half  a  million  or  more  persons  who  are  dependent  upon  the 
continued  successful  operation  of  this  industry,  you  may 
well  hesitate  at  any  such  impairment  of  a  fostering  system  as 
shall  tend  to  stop  its  mills,  to  reduce  its  wages  or  strike  at 
the  welfare  of  those  who  have  most,  because  it  is  their  all,  at 
stake.     (Applause.) 


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A  DYNAMIC  FORCE. 


It  certainly  is  not  too  much  to  say,  as  has  already  been 
intimated  by  you,  Mr.  President,  that  in  recent  years  our 
guest  has  been  the  dynamo  whose  force  has  held  and  directed 
this  industrial  development.  More  than  any  other  man  he 
has  contributed  to  its  literature  of  argument  and  exposition. 
His  reputation  to-day  is  national.  With  the  courage  of  his 
convictions,  —  and  nobody  ever  doubts  that  (laughter  and 
applause),  —  with  the  courage  of  his  convictions  he  has  not 
hesitated  to  make  himself  a  target  to  opposing  forces  and  has 
arrayed  against  himself  often  bitter  and  stinging  criticism. 
But  let  him  remember  that  while  in  our  public  life  there  is 
nothing  better  than  honest  and  outspoken  difference  of 
opinion,  free  to  us  all,  there  has  never  been  the  slightest  per- 
sonal reflection  upon  him,  and  that  he  commands  to-day,  and 
always  has  commanded,  the  respect  and  trust  of  those  who 
have  fought  him  hardest.  (Applause.)  This  gathering, 
utterly  non-partisan,  of  Democrats  and  Republicans,  men  who 
have  been  candidates  for  the  governorship  on  both  sides 
(laughter),  is  their  common,  united  tribute  to  him,  not  in  any 
narrow  capacity,  but  in  the  broadest  recognition  of  his  life  and 
services  as  a  merchant,  as  a  manufacturer  and  best  of  all  as  a 
good  citizen.  (Applause.)  In  these  cordial  and  welcoming 
faces,  these  faces  here  typical  of  a  host  more,  let  him  read 
that  best  of  all  rewards,  "  Well  done."     (Renewed  applause.) 

I  must  not,  however,  forget  that  I  am  here  to  enforce  one 
parliamentary  rule,  and  that  is  that  no  speaker,  with  the 
exception  of  our  guest  who  is  unlimited  in  that  respect,  shall 
exceed  ten  minutes.  Gentlemen  on  the  platform  will  please 
take  notice.     (Laughter.) 

Naturally  we  should  turn  first  of  all  to  the  head  of  our 
Commonwealth.  Governor  Foss  seems  to  be  making  good. 
He,  too,  speaks  his  mind;  and  he,  too,  is  in  the  cotton 
interest.  But  he  is  detained  to-night,  much  to  his  regret,  by 
a  previous  engagement  at  Worcester,  and  I  will  ask  Mr. 
Hopewell  to  read  his  very  cordial  letter  of  tribute  and 
regret.     Mr.  Hopewell,  will  you  read  the  Governor's  letter  ? 


11 


LETTERS  OF  REGRET  AND  FELICITATION. 

Mr.  John  Hopewell  said:  Mr.  Toastmaster,  as  I  am 
informed  that  there  is  a  little  delicacy  between  the  Governor 
of  a  commonwealth  and  the  members  of  the  Senate,  with 
the  Governor's  indulgence  I  will  read  first  some  letters  from 
the  Senate  of  the  United  States,  and  then  I  will  read  the 
Governor's  letter. 

My  DEAR  Mr.  Marvin: 

Your  letter  of  the  16th  instant  is  received.  I  am  sorry 
that  my  duties  here  will  prevent  me  from  attending  the 
dinner  that  is  to  be  given  to  Mr.  William  Whitman  on  April 
26th,  but  I  thank  you  and  through  you  the  committee  having 
the  dinner  in  charge  for  their  kindness  in  inviting  me.  Mr. 
Whitman  has  been  a  great  leader  in  the  textile  business  and 
his  services  in  behalf  of  protection  to  New  England  indus- 
tries have  been  of  inestimable  value,  and  I  am  glad  that  his 
associates  are  going  to  recognize  him  in  this  way. 

Sincerely  yours, 

W.  M.  Crane. 

(Applause.) 

We  have  a  great  many  letters,  and  it  is  impossible  to  read 
them  all.  We  have  also  a  letter  frpm  Senator  Lodge  regret- 
ting his  inability  to  be  with  us  and  join  with  us  to-night,  and 
this  letter  from  the  distinguished  senior  Senator  from  New 
Hampshire : 

United  States  Senate, 

Washington,  April  20,  1911. 

My  DEAR  Mr.  Marvin: 

It  is  a  matter  of  real  regret  to  me  that  I  am  unable  to 
accept  the  invitation  to  the  dinner  to  Mr.  William  Whitman, 
on  the  26th  day  of  April.  I  would  like  very  much  indeed 
to  have  the  privilege  of  taking  him  by  the  hand  on  that 
occasion,  as  well  as  to  give  him  and  his  friends  my  renewed 
assurance  of  sympathy  and  cooperation  in  the  work  in  which 
he  has  so  long  been  engaged.  In  these  days  of  so-called 
reform,  when  an  attack  upon  the  protective  policy  of  the 
country  is  imminent,  it  is  well  for  real  friends  of  the  protec- 
tive policy  to  take  counsel  together,  and  do  what  they  can  to 
avert  a  calamity  that  is  sure  to  come  to  the  country  if  the 


!  W 


m 


I  It 


12 


present  program  of  the  Democratic  majority  in  the  House  of 
Representatives  becomes  an  accomplijihed  fact. 

Be  good  enough  personally  to  extend  to  Mr.  Whitman  my 
assurances  of  regard  and  good  will,  and  trusting  that  the 
occasion  may  be  one  of  rare  pleasure  and  profit  to  all  who 
may  be  privileged  to  attend,  know  me  to  be, 

Most  cordially  yours, 

J.  H.  Gallikger. 
(Applause.) 

Ths  Commomwsalth  or  Massachusetts^ 
ExECDTiVK  Chamber, 

State  Housb,  Boston,  April  24,  1911. 

Mr.  John  Hopewell,  Chairman^ 

683  Atlantic  Ave.,  Boston,  Mass. 

My  dear  Sir  :  I  acknowledge  with  many  thanks  your 
letter  of  April  12th  and  accompanying  invitation  to  a  recep- 
tion and  dinner  in  honor  of  Mr.  William  Whitman  at  Hotel 
Somerset,  Boston,  on  April  26th. 

Several  weeks  before  receiving  this  invitation  I  had 
accepted  an  invitation  to  attend  the  annual  banquet  of  the 
Worcester  Board  of  Trade  on  the  same  date  ;  and  if  it  is 
possible  for  me  to  get  away  at  all  on  that  day  I  feel  that  I 
must  go  to  Worcester. 

I  wish  you  would  convey  to  your  associates  on  the  com- 
mittee my  warm  appreciation  of  the  invitation  and  my  real- 
izing sense  of  the  distinction  which  Mr.  Whitman  has 
worthily  attained  in  the  Commonwealth. 

It  would  afford  me  deep  gratification  to  be  present  and  pay 
my  tribute  to  Mr.  Whitman  in  person,  if  I  could  do  so. 

Very  truly  j^urs, 

E.  N.  Foss. 

State  op  Rhode  Island  and  Providence  Plantations, 
Executive  Department, 

Pbovidencs,  April  18,  1911. 

Mr.  Winthrop  L.  Marvin, 

683  Atlantic  Ave.,  Boston,  Mass. 

My  dear  Sir  :  I  regret  extremely  that  I  shall  be  unable 
to  be  present,  in  response  to  the  cordial  invitation  of  the 
committee,  at  the  dinner  in  honor  of  Mr.  William  Whitman 
at  the  Hotel  Somerset,  on  the  evening  of  the  26th  instant. 

I  should  be  most  happy  to  be  one  of  the  many  who  will  pay 
homage  to  Mr.  Whitman  on  that  occasion,  but  I  am  compelled 


IB 


by  force  of  circumstances  and  a  strenuous  period  in  state 
legislation  to  confine  myself  to  my  duties  here  for  the 
remainder  of  the  present  month. 

Assuring  you  and  the  members  of  the  committee  of  my 
deep  appreciation  of  the  honor  conferred  by  your  invitation, 
and  trusting  that  you  will  convey  to  the  distinguished  guest 
of  the  evening  my  sincere  personal  compliments,  I  am, 

Yours  very  truly, 

A.   J.   POTHIER, 

Grovernor. 
(Applause.) 

There  have  been  innumerable  letters  from  distinguished 
men  from  all  over  the  country,  but  the  time  is  so  limited  I 
can  only  read  a  few.  I  have  one  here  from  a  man  who  stands 
at  the  head  of  the  largest  wool  manufacture  in  the  world,  who 
cannot  be  present,  but  who  sends  this  letter,  a  portion  of 
which  I  will  read : 

Mr.  John  P.  Wood,  President, 

National  Association  of  Wool  Manufacturers, 

521  North  22d  St.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Dear  Mr.  Wood  :  I  had  hoped  to  be  present  with  you  at 
the  dinner  in  honor  of  Mr.  William  Whitman  on  April  26th, 
but  cannot  have  the  pleasure.  However,  I  am  very  glad  that 
our  company  will  be  fully  represented  on  that  evening.   .    .   . 

The  vast  modern  development  of  the  textile  manufacturing 
industry  in  New  England  has  nearly  all  come  within  Mr. 
Whitman's  lifetime.  He  has  not  merely  witnessed  it ;  he  has 
been  a  great  part  of  it  himself.  For  his  energy,  his  sagacity, 
his  courage,  his  power  to  plan  and  create,  we  "manufacturers 
all  owe  William  Whitman  an  imperishable  debt  of  gratitude. 
He  is  distinctively  one  of  the  great  men  of  our  time.  It  is  a 
proud  privilege  to  know  him.  No  tribute  that  can  possibly 
be  paid  to  him,  to  his  character  and  his  achievements,  will  be 
undeserved. 

I  am  very  truly  yours, 

Wm.  M.  Wood. 

(Applause.) 

The  Toastmaster.  —  We  will  give  the  rest  of  the  letter- 
writers  leave  to  report  in  print.  Having  heard  from  them, 
we  will  now  proceed  to  enjoy  ourselves.     (Laughter.) 


IM 


%  I 


1' 


14 


Technical  education  lies  very  near  the  textile  arts.  I  have 
emphasized  the  element  of  labor;  I  hope  to  see  the  time 
come  when  the  man  at  his  loom  will  regard  himself  as  much 
an  artist  as  the  poet  or  the  sculptor  or  the  painter.  The 
whole  tendency  is  to  make  all  employment  to-day,  what  it 
should  be,  a  fine  art,  whether  it  be  domestic  labor,  or  the 
labor  of  the  loom,  or  the  labor  of  the  mechanic,  —  the  exal- 
tation of  hand  labor  to  the  artistic  ideal.  Who  shall  speak 
to  us  of  that  relation  better  than  the  present  head  of  the 
Institute  of  Technology,  the  parent  of  these  textile  schools, 
which  the  State  is  encouraging  and  helping  and  which  are 
doing  so  much  for  the  education  of  the  hand  as  well  as  of 
the  mind.  I  call  upon  Dr.  Richard  C.  Maclaurin,  President 
of  the  Institute  of  Technology.     (Great  applause.) 

DR.  RICHARD  C.  MACLAURIN. 

Mr.  Toastmaster,  Mr.  Whitman,  and  Gentlemen: 
On  an  occasion  like  this  one  would  like  to  appear  as  a  busi- 
ness man,  but  I  have  no  claims  to  that  high  honor.  I  am 
here,  as  has  been  suggested,  as  a  representative  of  the 
schools,  and  I  am  glad  in  such  a  capacity  to  take  part  in  this 
tribute  of  respect  and  of  admiration  for  the  splendid  work 
of  a  great  man  of  business. 

The  world  of  business  and  the  world  of  education  have 
long  been  too  far  separated,  but  they  are  coming  together 
at  last.  Following  the  cue  of  your  President  I  have 
to-night  invited  Mr.  Whitman  to  assume  the  honorable  and 
lucrative  position  of  a  professor  at  the  Institute  of  Tech- 
nology. (Applause.)  Should  he  see  fit  to  accept  that  invita- 
tion he  would  be  welcomed  to  the  Institute  with  unbounded 
enthusiasm.  No  institution  has  done  more  than  that  one  to 
bring  together  the  worlds  of  business  and  of  learning,  and 
none  believes  more  fii-mly  that  the  bringing  together  of  those 
two  worlds  is  one  of  the  best  seeds  of  promise  for  the  future 
of  this  country. 


15 


I  have  been  reminded  by  Mr.  Whitman  to-night  that  that 
Institute  of    Technology  in   its  early  days,  as  ever  since, 
owed  great  things  to   the  business  men  of  Boston.     Such 
men  as  Mr.  E.  B.  Bigelow  and  Mr.  J.  M.  Beebe  were  the 
men  who  fifty  years  ago  saw  that  there  was  something  dis- 
tinctly lacking  in  the  educational  system  of  the  day.     They 
saw  that  the  older  schools,  splendid  as  some  of  them  were, 
neglected  too  much  some  of  the  great  practical  affairs  of  life, 
devoted  their  attention  too  exclusively  to  training  men  for 
the  older  professions,  failed  to  recognize  that  in  the  changes 
of  time  new  professions  had  arisen  quite  as  important  to  the 
welfare  of  society  and  of  tremendous  potential  power  in  the 
business   world.     We  owe  much  to   those   shrewd  men  of 
business  of  fifty  years  ago.     They  saw  clearly  enough  that 
technical   education   was   a  good  business  investment,  and 
through  the  foundation  of  the  Institute  of  Technology  and 
of  textile  schools  and  other  similar  institutions  in  this  com- 
munity they  did  great  things  to  introduce  this  modern  idea 
of  practical  education  into  the  world  as  a  whole.     Their  idea 
was  a  new  idea  fifty  years  ago ;  it  is  a  commonplace  to-day. 
The  Institute  of  Technology  within  the  last  few  days  has  been 
celebrating  its  fiftieth  anniversary  and  we  have  had  from  all 
parts  of   this  Commonwealth  testimony   that   the  business 
men   of  to-day  recognize  the  importance   of  that  kind   of 
education  and  see  quite  clearly  now  what  only  a  few  saw 
then,  that  those  shrewd,  sagacious  business  men  were  per- 
fectly right,  and  that  they  rendered  a  splendid  service  to 
education  when  they  broke  into  the  field  fifty  years  ago. 

I  am  not  here  to  talk  about  the  Institute  of  Technology, 
but  these  recent  celebrations  to  which  I  have  referred  have 
suggested  to  my  mind  that  on  a  congratulatory  occasion  such 
as  this  it  is  not  improper  to  dissect  the  subject  that  is  being 
extolled,  to  lay  bare  for  our  edification  the  reasons  that  have 
explained  in  a  sense  the  great  achievements  that  we  are  all 
talking  about,  and  it  occurs  to  me  to  repeat  one  of  the  expla- 
nations of  the  success  of  the  Institute  of  Technology,  because 
it  seems  to  me  peculiarly  relevant  to  this  occasion. 


ill! 


( 1 1 


16 


THE  INSTITUTE  AND   BUSINESS. 

It  was  said  a  few  days  ago  that  the  success  of  the  Institute 
of  Technology  was  a  perfectly  simple  thing ;  its  secret  was 
just  this :  that  the  Institute  had  from  the  very  outset  a  clear 
view  of  the  object  aimed  at ;  it  had  from  the  very  outset  per- 
fectly definite  ideas  (whether  they  were  right  or  wrong)  as  to 
how  it  was  going  to  reach  that  object ;  it  had  never  allowed 
itself  to  be  turned  aside  from  its  purpose,  and,  in  a  single 
word,  it  had  alwayt  stuck  to  business.  The  doctrine  of  stick- 
ing to  business  is  somewhat  old-fashioned  to-day,  but  I 
believe  that  our  guest  to-night  could,  if  he  would,  preach  an 
eloquent  sermon  from  that  text. 

The  wiseacres  tell  us  on  every  hand  that  we  are  passing 
through  a  period  of  transition,  as  if  every  thinking  man  did 
not  know  that  every  period  is  a  period  of  transition.  The 
truth  is,  however,  that  some  periods  of  transition  are  a  little 
more  uncomfortable  in  their  adjuncts  than  are  others.  Thus, 
in  England,  we  have  the  suffragettes,  of  whom  their  critics 
say  that  they  have  ceased  to  be  ladies  and  have  not  yet 
become  gentlemen,  and  we  have  in  the  business  world  of  this 
country  a  number  of  people  who  seem  to  have  ceased  to  be 
individualists  and  have  not  yet  become  socialists.  They  talk 
a  great  deal  about  the  service  of  society,  a  splendid  ideal  of 
course,  but  in  practice  it  seems  too  often  to  take  the  form  of 
neglecting  your  own  affairs  and  harassing  other  people  as  to 
the  conduct  of  theirs.  (Laughter  and  applause.)  It  gives 
rise  to  much  loose  talk  as  to  the  antithesis  between  the  social 
and  the  individual  aim.  There  is  no  necessary  antagonism  at 
all,  for  if  a  man  really  sticks  to  business,  if  he  devotes  himself 
to  his  affairs  with  no  narrow,  no  purely  selfish  spirit,  if  he  sets 
himself  heart  and  soul  to  do  his  own  business  thoroughly  well 
in  all  its  details,  then,  like  our  guest  of  honor  to-night,  he  is 
not  only  a  successful  business  man ;  he  renders,  gentlemen,  a 
splendid  service  to  society  as  a  whole.     (Continued  applause.) 

The  Toastmaster.  —  Mr.  Whitman's  services  have  not 
been  limited  to  any  one  line  of  usefulness.     You  all  know 


17 


how  valuable  his  aid  was  in  the  rehabilitation  of  that  great 

insurance  company,  the  Equitable   Life   Assurance  Society 

(applause),  and  we  are  very  fortunate  in  having  with  us  its 

President,  Judge  William  A.  Day,  of  New  York,  whom  I 

now  present  to  you. 

•I 

JUDGE   WILLIAM   A.   DAY. 

I  must  confess  a  feeling  of  timidity,  if  not  of  awe,  in 
standing  before  a  Massachusetts  audience.  It  is  the  first 
time  I  have  ever  done  so.  Born  and  reared  in  one  of  the 
distant  and  older  colonial  States,  I  was  taught  from  youth  to 
revere  Massachusetts  for  her  glorious  history,  her  enlight- 
ened institutions  and  great  host  of  illustrious  sons.  I  learned 
to  look  upon  a  citizen  of  your  Commonwealth  as  distin- 
guished among  men,  and  oftentimes  coveted  the  honor  of 
being  able  to  say,  "  I  am  a  citizen  of  Massachusetts." 

To  be  justly  acclaimed  by  fellow  citizens  of  the  State  one 
of  Massachusetts'  worthies  is  an  honor  of  which  any  man 
might  well  feel  proud.  This  gathering  of  citizens  from 
diverse  fields  of  activity,  presided  over  by  one  of  the  nation's 
worthies,  who  has  added  luster  to  the  fame  of  his  State  in 
the  highest  counsels  of  the  nation,  testifies  eloquently,  quite 
as  much  as  what  has  been  and  will  be  said,  that  on  that 
exalted  plane  have  you  placed  William  Whitman.  That  is 
a  democracy's  highest  honor  because  it  can  only  be  born  of 
a  man's  works.  I  count  it  a  high  privilege  to  partake  of 
your  feast  and  join  in  this  tribute  of  good  will  and  esteem 
to  so  deserving  a  man. 

For  five  and  a  half  years  it  has  been  my  privilege  to  be 
closely  associated  with  Mr.  Whitman,  as  Governor  Long  has 
said,  in  his  efforts  to  rehabilitate  the  Equitable  Life  Assur- 
ance Society.  You  doubtless  well  remember  the  apprehen- 
sion and  dread  that  was  felt  throughout  the  country  at  the 
disclosures  made  in  the  course  of  an  investigation  of  some  of 
the  life  insurance  companies  of  the  State  of  New  York. 
This  feeling  was  fully  shared  by  the  people  of  the  New 
England  States,  always  justly  celebrated  for  their  thrift  and 


0 1 


U\ 


|:i: 


1 1 1 


18 


providence.  In  these  States  the  Equitable  Society  alone 
had  forty  thousand  policyholders  who  carried  insurance 
^aggregating  seventy  millions  of  dollars,  the  reserve  on  which 
exceeded  twenty  millions  of  dollars.  In  many  instances  the 
policies  represented  entire  fortunes,  the  savings  of  a  lifetime, 
and  naturally  the  holders  were  alarmed  by  the  stress  laid 
by  the  press  on  the  revelations.  *  Realizing  the  strength  of 
unity,  these  people  organized  what  was  termed  "  The  New 
England  Policyholders  Protective  Committee."  They  recog- 
nized the  need  of  effective  leadership  and  that  the  post  called 
for  a  man  of  honor,  high  intelligence,  and  force  who  would 
take  charge  of  these  sacred  interests  pro  bono  publico.  In 
praise  of  their  wisdom  and  his  disinterested  public  spirit,  be 
it  said,  they  chose  William  Whitman,  chairman,  and  he 
accepted.  Man  of  large  affairs  that  he  is,  he  well  knew  the 
duties  involved  in  that  position  meant  a  great  deal  of  valu- 
able time,  thought,  and  labor,  without  material  reward  of 
any  kind.  He  cheerfully  gave  all  that  was  necessary  to 
accomplish  the  purpose  of  the  organization.  To  his  honor 
it  should  be  said  that  the  pernicious  practices  and  unsound 
methods  which  had  been  indulged  in  by  certain  insurance 
managers,  and  brought  universal  condemnation,  have  been 
relegated  to  the  realm  of  the  impossible  largely  through  Mr. 
Whitman's  efforts  and  cooperation  with  the  Armstrong  Com- 
mittee in  the  direction  of  reform.  Not  all  the  recommenda- 
tions of  that  Committee  could  Mr.  Whitman  agree  to,  but  in 
the  main  the  substantial  reforms  adopted  were  those  he 
advocated. 

You  will  perhaps  also  remember  that  in  the  month  of 
June,  1905,  before  the  Armstrong  Committee  had  begun  its 
work,  Grover  Cleveland,  Judge  Morgan  J.  O'Brien,  and 
George  Westinghouse  were  appointed  trustees  of  the 
majority  of  the  shares  of  the  capital  stock  of  the  Equitable 
Society  by  Mr.  Thomas  F.  Ryan,  who  had  recently  acquired 
it.  The  stock  was  conveyed  to  these  trustees  with  plenary 
power  for  its  use  in  the  reformation  of  the  directorate  of  the 
Society,  and  the  free  and  undisturbed  exercise  of  their 
judgment  to  assure  the  policyholders  that  their  interests  were 


19 


in  safe  hands.  Moved  by  the  gravity  of  the  situation  and 
the  need  of  the  hour  the  trustees  proceeded  to  select  quali- 
fied men,  of  whose  fidelity  there  could  be  no  question,  for 
directors.  Among  the  first  selected,  to  whom  Grover  Cleve- 
land and  his  colleagues  gave  full  faith  and  confidence,  was 
Mr.  Whitman. 

A  GREAT  WORK  IN  INSURANCE. 

The  new  insurance  laws  of  New  York  were  drastic.  All 
that  legislation  could  do  to  make  men  faithful  to  fiduciary 
obligations  was  intended  to  be  done  by  the  Armstrong  laws. 
Not  fully  satisfied  with  results  of  those  laws,  Mr.  Whitman 
drafted,  as  the  active  head  of  a  committee  of  directors 
appointed  for  the  purpose,  an  improved  scheme  of  internal 
government  for  the  Equitable,  and  it  was  crystallized  in  the 
by-laws  of  the  Society.  The  scheme  provided  checks  and 
balances  on  the  powers  of  officials  which,  with  the  laws  on 
the  subject,  I  believe  effectually  prevents  any  recurrence  of 
conduct  approaching  that  which  caused  the  anxiety  of  six 
years  ago.  Subsequent  experience  has  abundantly  proven  the 
wisdom  and  sagacity  of  Mr.  Whitman  in  this  vital  matter. 

Perhaps  I  may  be  pardoned  for  believing  that  these 
accomplishments  are  not  the  least  of  Mr.  Whitman's  record. 
When  you  consider  the  millions  of  people  affected  by  the 
security  of  life  insurance  protection,  and  the  Equitable 
Society  with  its  500,000  policyholders  and  five  hundred 
millions  of  dollars  of  assets,  managed  by  officials  selected  by 
the  Board  of  Directors,  you  get  some  idea  of  the  magnitude 
of  the  task  he  unselfishly  undertook  and  capably  discharged. 
His  services  on  our  Board  have  been  faithful  and  of  high 
value. 

Gentlemen  :  In  bringing  these  leaves  for  the  laurel  wreath 
of  esteem  and  affection  we  weave  for  Mr.  Whitman  to-night, 
I  express  the  gratitude  of  those  thousands  of  beneficiaries  of 
his  labors  whom  he  can  never  know.  We  justly  honor  him 
who  put  public  advantage  over  private  interest,  and  declining 
to  be  merely  a  sympathizer,  toiled  for  those  results  that 
would  protect  the  widows  and  orphans  and  reestablish  the 


<  III  I  i 


rliiiHi 


20 


fundamental  faith  of  the  people  in  the  beneficence  of 
American  life  insurance. 

If  I  could  characterize  in  a  word  or  two  the  impressions 
made  upon  me  by  observation  and  association  of  five  and 
one-half  years  with  William  Whitman  those  words  would  be 

Conscientious  and  Efficient.*'     (Applause.) 


i( 


The  Toastmasteb.  —  Just  think  of  the  joinder  of  Grover 
Cleveland  and  William  Whitman.  (Laughter.)  I  wonder 
if  they  discussed  the  tariff.     (Laughter.) 

Mr.  Day,  if  you  hadn't  said  that  you  felt  a  little  timid 
nobody  would  have  believed  it.  The  idea  of  an  insurance 
man  being  timid!  (Laughter.)  And  if  you  had  opened 
your  heart  to  me  before  the  speaking  began  I  could  have 
told  you  that  a  Boston  audience  is  the  most  good-natured  in 
the  world,  after  eating  and  —  eating.  (Laughter.)  In  that 
condition,  I  can  say,  after  a  long  experience,  that  they  will 
bear  anything  (renewed  laughter),  especially  such  a  charming 
and  cordial  address  as  you  have  just  made.     (Applause.) 

I  have  always  wished  that  my  friend  —  I  came  very  near 
saying  Sam,  but  my  friend  Hon.  Samuel  L.  Powers  (ap- 
plause), had  been  like  one  or  two  gentlemen  whom  I  see  in 
this  audience,  a  capitalist,  for  then  he  could  have  remained 
in  Congress.  Perhaps  no  man  in  his  early  service  there 
made  a  stronger  impression  from  the  very  first  upon  his 
country  and  fellow  congressmen.  Could  he  have  remained 
I  am  sure  that  with  his  interest  in  Massachusetts  industrial 
and  commercial  development,  he  would  have  rendered  us 
still  more  most  admirable  service.  I  believe  that  he  is  pre- 
pared, not  specially  for  this  occasion  let  me  say,  but  always, 
to  speak  upon  the  relation  of  those  interests  to  national  legis- 
lation, and  if  he  will  only  mingle  a  little  of  his  charming 
humor  we  shall  be  under  still  greater  obligation  to  him,  for 

A  little  nonsense  now  and  then 
Is  relished  by  the  beet  of  men. 


21 


The  Hon.  Samuel  (applause,  every  one  rising)  —  they  are 
so  eager  to  applaud  you  they  would  not  wait  for  the  full 
mention  of  your  name. 

HON.  SAMUEL  L.  POWERS. 

Mr.  Toastmaster,  Mr.  Whitman,  and  Mr.  Whit- 
man's Friends  :  No  one  can  be  more  gratified  than  I  am 
to  join  you  to-night  in  paying  tribute  to  one  of  the  greatest 
men  in  the  industrial  world  to-day.  (Voices :  "  Right,"  and 
applause.) 

As  I  have  looked  over  the  list  of  speakers  I  have  been 
somewhat  in  doubt  where  I  fit  in.  I  notice  that  all  the 
speakers  to-night  either  represent  great  interests  or  great 
institutions.  Personally  I  represent  nothing.  (Laughter.) 
I'll  tell  you  what  I  represent  to-night,  I  represent  the  ulti- 
mate consumer,  and  as  I  look  over  this  audience  I  am  inclined 
to  think  I  am  the  only  ultimate  consumer  here  to-night. 
(Renewed  laughter.) 

You  have  been  good  enough,  Mr.  Toastmaster,  to  refer  to 
my  once  having  been  in  Congress.  Most  people  have 
forgotten  that,  and  if  it  were  not  for  you  and  other  men  with 
generous  hearts  it  would  entirely  fade  away.  But  I  remem- 
ber very  well  six  years  ago  when  I  retired  from  Congress 
receiving  a  very  magnificent  banquet  of  this  kind,  in  which 
there  were  a  great  many  things  said  that  were  not  true. 
There  has  been  nothing  said  here  to-night,  and  there  will  be 
nothing  said  here  to-night,  that  is  not  true.  But  I  remember 
that  I  never  received  such  an  ovation  in  my  life  as  I  did 
when  I  retired  from  public  life.  (Laughter.)  One  of  the 
principal  speakers  said,  and  I  think  the  audience  believed 
him,  that  the  greatest  service  I  had  rendered  the  public  was 
my  retirement.  (Laughter.)  There  was  one  condition,  how- 
ever, imposed  upon  me  before  I  accepted  that  dinner,  and  that 
was  that  I^hould  never  be  a  candidate  again  for  public  office. 
I  assume  that  that  condition  is  in  no  way  imposed  upon  our 
distinguished  guest.  He  has  not  got  to  retire  from  manu- 
facturing, nor  has  he  got  to  retire  from  his  interest  in  life 
insurance  and  other  great  interests.     (Applause.) 

I  had  the   honor,  however,  when  I  was  in  Congress,  of 


I  I 
(1 


jSjS 


representing  Mr.  Whitman.  I  think  he  was  the  best  constit- 
uent I  had  in  my  district.  He  never  so  much  as  ever 
asked  me  even  for  seeds  for  his  garden,  and  what  was  more, 
he  was  a  very  considerate  man.  He  never  found  any  fault 
with  my  service,  and  I  appreciate  that  very  much,  because  I 
had  always  understood  that  Mr.  Whitman  was  a  man  who 
spoke  his  mind. 

It  must  be  a  great  satisfaction  to  our  distinguished  guest 
to  .find  some  four  hundred  gentlemen  of  the  character  of 
those  present  this  evening  to  come  here  and  to  say  that  they 
believe  in  him  and  that  they  appreciate  the  great  service 
which  he  has  rendered.  We  live,  my  friends,  at  a  time 
when  the  tendency  is  for  men  to  lose  confidence  in  their 
fellow  men.  We  are  drifting  towards  what  is  called  pure 
democracy  (laughter),  and  by  that  I  mean  it  in  no  partisan 
sense  but  in  the  broad  sense.  We  are  up  against  what  is 
caUed  the  initiative,  the  referendum,  the  recall,  and  also  the 
direct  primary,  in  which  everybody  takes  part.  Why,  just 
think  what  kind  of  Governors  we  might  have  had  in  the  years 
gone  by  if  we  had  only  had  this  direct  primary.  (Laughter.) 
Hereafter  there  will  be  no  Governors  nominated  by  conven- 
tions ;  they  will  be  nominated  by  the  people  voting  as  a  whole. 
When  I  look  over  the  list  of  Governors  that  we  have  had  in 
this  Commonwealth,  and  I  refer  not  only  to  those  who  have 
been  elected  by  one  party,  but  by  the  other,  and  remember 
that  they  all  were  elected  or  nominated  in  conventions,  it 
seems  to  me  that  the  system  worked  pretty  well. 

I  am  not  here  to  discuss  politics.  I  am  here  to  show  that 
the  tendency  of  the  times  is  for  men  to  lose  confidence  in 
each  other.  In  other  words,  apparently  at  least  the  majority 
of  the  Massachusetts  people  are  not  willing  that  they  should 
be  represented  in  convention  by  delegates  of  their  own  selec- 
tion, they  must  vote  themselves,  and  so  hereafter  any  man 
can  run  for  Governor,  —  it  is  only  a  question  of  getting  the 
requisite  number  of  names. 

AN  HONOR   WELL  DESERVED. 

But  really  it  is  a  pleasure  to  be  here  and  to  look  into  the 
faces  of  this  audience.     I  cannot  but  believe,  Mr.  Whitman, 


23 


that  as  the  years  roll  by  you  will  think  of  this  as  the  most 
significant  occasion  in  your  life.  The  beauty  of  this  tribute 
is  that  it  is  a  tribute  to  a  man  that  is  entitled  to  receive  it 
(applause),  it  is  a  tribute  to  one  who  has  won  his  place  upon 
absolute  merit,  it  is  a  tribute  to  one  who  under  the  republican 
institutions  of  this  country  has  grown  up  from  small  begin- 
nings to  become  a  great  power  in  the  industrial  world,  and  he 
has  reached  it  not  because  some  one  has  pushed  him,  but  he 
has  reached  it  by  force  of  his  own  honesty,  integrity,  and 
ability.  (Applause.)  There  are  no  people  in  the  world  that 
recognize  merit  more  clearly  and  more  keenly  than  the  people 
of  Massachusetts.  There  are  no  people  in  the  world  that 
believe  more  thoroughly  in  character  and  industry  than  our 
own  people  right  here  in  this  Commonwealth.  And  so  I  say 
it  is  a  great  tribute  when  a  man  like  Mr.  Whitman  comes  up 
from  small  beginnings  to  become  a  power  in  the  industrial 
world,  that  he  has  reached  that  position  by  merit,  and  that  he 
to-da}'  not  only  has  the  respect  of  his  friends  who  are  gathered 
here  but  he  has  the  respect  of  the  entire  people  of  the  Com- 
monwealth, because  the  people  of  Massachusetts  recognize 
that  any  man  who  has  built  up  the  industries  that  he  has  built 
up  has  not  only  performed  a  service  which  is  of  value  to  our 
people  but  a  service  that  is  of  value  to  the  people  of  the  efttire 
^country. 

We  in  Massachusetts  owe  our  prosperity  to  the  manu- 
facturing industries.  Have  you  ever  thought  that  this  little 
State,  way  out  here  on  the  Atlantic  seaboard,  one  of  the 
smallest  States  in  area,  a  State  with  practically  no  natural 
resources  whatever,  has  more  than  3,000,000  people  better 
fed,  better  clothed,  better  housed,  better  educated,  than  any 
other  people  upon  the  face  of  the  globe  ?  And  why  is  it  ? 
We  are  in  that  position  by  reason  of  our  manufactures.  We 
could  not  be  there  except  for  our  manufactures.  Any  man 
who  builds  up  our  manufactures,  who  fights  for  the  economic 
policies  which  are  necessary  to  preserve  those  manufactures, 
is  the  man  who  is  serving  the  entire  people  of  the  Common- 
wealth. And  may  God  bless  you,  Mr.  Whitman.  May  you 
live  for  many  years  and  appreciate  the  great  work  that  you 


filli  i 


24 


have  done,  and  raay  your  reputation  and  your  fame  increase 
not  only  among  the  people  of  the  Commonwealth  but  among 
all  people  who  believe  in  that  policy  which  has  made  Massa- 
chusetts prosperous  and  has  made  the  United  States  a  great 
republic.     (Prolonged  applause.) 

The  Toastmaster.  —  I  agree,  my  dear  friends,  that  we 
have  had  pretty  poor  Governors  in  the  past,  but  as  I  look  at 
the  last  speaker  I  cannot  help  thinking  what  we  have  been 
spared.     (Laughter.) 

I  do  not  believe  it  is  easy  to  draw  the  line  between  com- 
mercial and  industrial  interests.  They  blend  together.  They 
are  the  twin  columns  on  which  the  prosperity  of  Massachu- 
setts rests.  Who  shall  speak  of  their  relations  better  than 
the  President  of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce,  recently  elected 
to  that  position,  and  most  worthy  of  it,  —  Mr.  George  S. 
Smith.     (Continued  applause.) 

PRESIDENT   GEORGE   S.    SMITH. 

Mr.  Toastmaster,  Mr.  WhiTxMAn,  and  Gentlemen: 
I  c<^nt  it  an  honor  to  enter  into  the  pleasures  of  this  evening 
and  to  pay  my  word  of  tribute  to  our  honored  guest. 

In  these  days  of  expanding  optimism  regarding  the 
resources  and  the  promise  of  a  great  future  for  New  England, 
fostered  and  developed  by  a  universal  recognition  that  at  no 
time  has  New  England  gone  back  or  become  decadent  but 
rather  steadily,  surely  and  relentlessly  has  enjoyed  a  distinct 
industrial  and  commercial  advance,  we  have  been  too  prone 
to  lay  the  emphasis  upon  great  machinery,  great  mills,  great 
industries,  and  too  little  inclined  to  recognize  the  worth  of 
the  man  behind  the  machinery,  the  genius  in  control  of  the 
mill,  and  the  master  mind  and  brain  at  the  head  of  a  great 
industry.  And  therefore  to-night,  as  we  contemplate  the  fact 
that  among  the  great  industries  of  Massachusetts  and  New 
England  the  closely  allied  industries  of  cotton  manufacturing, 
wool  and  woolen  manufacturing  are  the  largest  and  form  a 


25 


very  large  proportion  of  the  total  output  of  the  whole  United 
States,  it  certainly  is  fitting,  and  commendable,  and  just,  and 
right  that  we  seek  out  the  great  leading  spirit  of  this  great 
allied  industry,  which  reflects  to  the  glory  of  New  England, 
the  man  who  has  been  the  controlling  spirit,  the  man  who 
has  been  behind  the  great  machinery  and  is  the  genius  of 
great  mills  and  is  the  master  mind  of  a  great  industry. 

This  is  called  commonly  a  commercial  age,  and  so  it  is  if 
by  that  phrase  is  meant  a  great  expansion  of  modern  business 
methods  and  practices,  the  application  of  scientific  principles, 
and  the  opening  door  of  opportunity  for  the  development  of  the 
individual,  who  by  his  own  work  and  steady  purpose  compels 
recognition  and  advancement.  But  this  term  is  used  rather 
to  characterize  this  era  as  one  of  sordid  grasp  and  reach,  and 
I  say  that  it  is  an  unjust  charge  to  levy  against  the  business 
men  of  this  generation.  The  great  business  men  are  the  men 
who  are  earnestly  and  persistently  seeking  out  those  men  of 
training  and  rare  equipment  upon  whom  they  can  place  the 
responsibilities  of  management  of  large  affairs.  (Applause.) 
And  I  venture  to  say  that  Mr.  Whitman  to-night  would 
freely  say  that  one  of  the  great  fundamentals  of  his  success 
was  the  fact  that  early  in  life  he  had  the  broad  vision  to 
recognize  that  he  could  not  bring  these  great  results  ^^ut 
alone,  but  must  have  the  intimate  cooperation  of  faithful 
'co-laborers,  and  I  happen  to  know  personally  several  of  his 
intimate  co-laborers  and  can  testify  to  the  wisdom  and  the 
breadth  of  mind  of  William  Whitman.     (Applause.) 

Some  one  has  said  that  only  those  who  are  superior  to 
or  the  equals  of  a  man  can  truly  appreciate  his  worth  and 
greatness,  and  I  am  not  sure  that  a  very  ready  confession  of 
the  fact  that  very  few  of  us  are  able  to  truly  appreciate  the 
greatness  of  Mr.  Whitman  in  the  industrial  world  and  as  a 
citizen  is  a  confession  of  weakness  on  our  part  but  rather  a 
confession  of  strength,  for  in  that  confession  may  we  not  go 
back  to  our  various  vocations  determined  to  apply  all  the 
systems  and  principles  of  efficiency  that  will  make  us  better 
men  in  whatever  calling  we  are,  and  above  all  better  citizens 
of  our  state  and  our  nation.     (Great  applause.) 


26 


27 


■ir 


The  Toastmaster.  —  I  hark  back  to  my  original  sugges- 
tion of  the  three  great  interests  represented  here  :  Whitman, 
capital,  labor.     The  greatest  of  these  is  labor. 

Lawrence  is  a  very  beehive  of  industry.  What  Mr.  Whit- 
man's relations  are  to  the  laboring  population  of  that  city  and 
to  that  whole  neighborhood  who  shall  tell  us  so  well  aa  its 
chief  magistrate.  Mayor  Cahill  ?  (Applause.)  Mayor  Cahill 
is  one  of  the  young  leaders  of  our  Massachusetts  munici- 
palities.    (Applause.) 

HON.  JOHN  T.  CAHILL.      ' 

Mr.  Toastmaster,  Benefactor  op  Lawrence,  and 
Gentlemen  :  In  rising  to  address  you  I  feel  very  much  like 
saying  what  little  Willie  said  his  Ma  was  accustomed  to  say 
in  the  morning.  One  evening  as  the  nurse  was  about  to  put 
Willie  to  bed,  having  prepared  him,  he  jumped  immediately 
into  bed  and  covered  himself  up  with  the  bed  clothes.  The 
nurse  said,  "Willie,  haven't  you  forgotten  something?" 
He  said,  "  No,  nurse,  I  don't  know  of  anything  I  have  for- 
gotten." "  Why,"  she  said,  "you  have  forgotten  to  say  your 
prayers."  Willie  said,  "  Oh,  yes.  And  what  prayer  shall  I 
say?nurse  ?  "  She  said,  "  Say  that  pretty  little  prayer  that  1 
taught  you,  '  Now  I  lay  me  down  to  sleep.' "  And  Willie 
said,  "  I  don't  want  to  say  that  prayer,  nurse.  I'd  rather  say 
the  one  Ma  says  in  the  morning  when  I  go  in  and  wake  her  up." 
The  nurse  said,  "What  does  she  say,  Willie?"  "Well," 
he  said,  "  she  puts  her  arms  over  her  head  and  says,  '  Oh, 
Lord,  have  I  got  to  get  up ? '"     (Laughter  and  applause.) 

Whenever  I  am  invited  to  speak  in  Boston  I  always  come 
prepared,  because  I  never  wish  to  have  the  city  of  Lawrence 
subjected  to  such  an  arraignment  as  I  once  heard  the  Athens 
of  America  subjected  to.  A  friend  from  the  other  side  came 
over  here  and  passed  through  different  cities  of  our  country, 
and  one  night  at  a  club  in  London  after  his  return  home  he 
made  the  remark  that  the  Americans  did  not  use  very  good 
English.  An  American  who  was  present  said,  "  Did  you  go 
to  Boston  ?  "     «  Oh,"  said  he,  "  it  was  in  Boston  that  I  formed 


my  opinion."  (Laughter.)  The  American  said,  "  Would  you 
please  give  me  an  example  of  what  was  said  in  Boston  that 
led  you  to  believe  that  they  do  not  speak  good  English  in 
the  Hub  of  the  Universe  ?  "  and  he  replied,  "  Why,  I  heard  a 
man,  a  very  intelligent  appearing  man  at  that,  say,  '  Where 
am  I  at?'"  (Laughter.)  The  American  said,  "Well,  what 
would  you  say  ?  "  He  said,  "  I  would  say  '  Where  is  my 
'at  ? ' "     (Renewed  laughter.) 

In  the  valley  of  the  Merrimac  we  are  noted  principally  for 
two  things :  the  flow  of  cloth  from  the  loom  and  the  flow  of 
eloquence  from  the  vocal  cords.  I  wish  to  curtail  the  flow 
of  eloquence  to-night,  so  I  have  assigned  to  myself,  notwith- 
standing the  courtesy  of  the  Toastmaster,  five  minutes  instead 
of  ten. 

A  GREAT  victory  OF  PEACE. 

I  have  the  honor  to  represent  here  this  evening  the  city  of 
Lawrence,  and  the  pleasure  to  state  that  the  great  hive  of 
industry  on  the  banks  of  the  Merrimac  owes  everything  to 
the  brains,  energy,  and  confidence  of  men  who  pushed  for- 
ward, regardless  of  obstacles,  to  the  goal  of  all  human 
endeavor — success.  Success  attained  varies  in  value.  The 
breached  and  battered  walls  of  capitulated  Fort  Sumter  spelled 
success.  The  riddled  "  Alabama,"  sleeping  beneath  the  sea 
off  Cherbourg,  spelled  success.  The  flag  of  the  rammed  and 
sunken  "  Cumberland  "  floating  at  the  main  mast-head  above 
Virginia's  waters  marked  success.  The  fleets,  acting  under 
the  direction  of  an  eminent  son  of  Massachusetts,  achieved 
a  grand  success  at  Santiago  and  Manila  Bay.  They  were 
the  successes  of  waf,  and  success  in  war  means  destruction  — 
destruction  justified  by  necessity  perhaps,  but  begotten  of 
wrath  nevertheless.  Glory  and  fame  halo  the  deeds  of  the 
warrior  and  history  records  the  successes  and  failures  of 
imperators  and  captains  who  slay  to  save  a  cause  more  or  less 
worthy,  but  there  are  successes  unalloyed  with  the  element 
of  destruction.  They  are  the  successes  of  peace,  successes 
creative  in  essence  and  consummated  without  discord,  such 
as  those  which  have  come  after  years  of  earnest  endeavor 
and    prolonged  exertion   to  him   in   whose    honor  we  are 


'i\ 


J 


A 


mn 


28 

assembled  here  to-night.  In  contemplating  his  work  I  am 
reminded  of  a  great,  intensely  humane,  military  commander 
who  attended  to  the  manifold  duties  of  his  station  so  well 
that  everything  worked  with  precision  and  everything 
.  accomplished  revealed  the  master  mind. 

*•  In  and  out  of  whose  tent  all  day  long  to  and  fro 
The  messengers  come  and  the  messengers  go 
On  missions  of  mercy,  on  errands  of  toil 
To  tell  how  the  sapper  contends  with  the  soil ; 
In  the  terrible  trench ;  how  the  sick  man  is  faring, 
In  the  hospital  tent,  and  combining,  comparing,  constructing, 
Within,  mores  the  brain  of  one  man  moving  all." 

The  brain  of  one  man  moving  all !  How  often  have  I 
thought,  while  viewing  the  Arlington  Mills  in  operation, 
that  behind  all  the  concentrated  energy  a  master  mind  was 
at  work;  the  constructor,  the  builder,  the  producer,  the 
architect,  not  only  of  the  factory,  the  industrial  plant,  but 
of  hundreds  of  homes  erected  and  maintained  by  recom- 
pensed labor,  in  a  locality  which  was  only  a  pasture  land 
until  he  came  to  vivify  and  vitalize  it.     (Applause.) 

"  WILLIAM  THE  GOOD." 

I  was  raised  within  a  stone's  throw  of  the  Arlington 
MiUs.  I  have  been  familiar  for  years  with  the  name  of 
Whitman,  and  the  tribute  I  come  to  pay  to-night  is  from  the 
heart,  the  tribute  of  the  burgomaster  to  one  who  merits 
praise  because  of  good  deeds  and  honest  endeavor.  I  am  the 
bearer  of  a  message,  as  well  as  a  tribute.  The  tribute  is  mine 
straight  from  the  heart.  The  message  ^  from  the  people  I 
have  the  honor  to  represent.  (Applause.)  The  people  of 
Lawrence  have  one  desire  and  one  hope  expressed  in  three 
little  words  of  the  utmost  importance  —  work  and  wages. 
They  a^k  nothing  more ;  they  expect  nothing  less.  There 
are  fifty-four  different  nationalities  in  the  melting  pot  by  the 
Merrimac ;  in  the  matter  of  tongues  Lawrence  is  a  Babel. 
There  is  one  great 'essential  for  peace  and  prosperity  — 
employment.  Whatever  may  be  the  aims  and  aspirations  of 
other  localities  this  may  be  set  down  as  a  fact :  Lawrence 


29 


wants  work  and  plenty  of  work.  We  have  no  natural 
resources  other  than  our  water  power ;  our  very  life  depends 
on  the  success  of  our  industrial  establishments  and  the 
energy  and  intelligence  of  men  interested  in  the  textUe 
industry. 

It  is  but  natural  that  we  should  have  a  strong  affection 
for  such  a  man  as  William  Whitman,  who  not  content  with 
developing  the  Arlington  Mills  has  given  other  evidences  of 
his  good  will  towards  our  municipality  and  whose  latest 
addition  to  our  wealth,  the  Merino  ^Mill,  would  be  sufficient 
to  entitle  him  to  the  appellation  *'  William  the  Good  "  were 
he  not  already  good  and  great.  (Applause.)  I  feel  that 
there  must  be  much  good  in  Lawrence — that  her  destiny  is 
greatness  —  when  good  men  have  confidence  enough  in  the 
municipality  to  invest  millions  and  millions  more  within  her 
confines.  I  hope  to  see  the  day  when  the  names  of  her  great 
benefactors  shall  be  engraved  in  the  Book  of  Gold.  Among 
them  future  generations  will  be  sure  to  find  the  name  of  our 
friend  and  patron,  the  constructive  genius,  William  Whitman. 
(Great  applause.) 

The  Toastmaster.  —  After  five  minutes  of  eloquent 
manuscript  what  would  we  not  give  for  five  minutes  of 
eloquent  extemporaneous  speech  ?  Eloquence  is  as  natural 
to  an  Irishman  as  the  glitter  of  a  dewdrop  to  the  morning 
sun.     (Applause.) 

Do  not  forget  that  this  splendid  meeting  is  due  for  its 
success  largely  to  the  committee  of  arrangements,  the  chair- 
man of  which  is  your  associate  member,  Mr.  Hopewell. 
He  is  not  only  going  to  give  us  a  few  words,  but  he  is  going 
to  do  what  no  other  orator  has  done,  accompany  them  with 
illustrations.     (Applause.) 

MR.   JOHN  HOPEWELL. 

Mb.  Toastmaster  :  The  next  on  the  program  will  proba- 
bly be  a  surprise  to  our  friend  Mr.  Whitman.  We  propose  to 
give  you  an  optical  demonstration  of  a  part  of  our  friend's 
work. 


iini 


30 


31 


It  is  often  asserted  that  all  creations  in  the  world  are 
mental.  A  brick  mill  does  not  have  much  mental  character 
to  the  ordinary  looker  on,  yet  no  mill  was  ever  built  that  was 
not  first  conceived  and  built  in  some  fertile  and  active  brain, 
and  in  nearly  all  its  perfection  was  clearly  marked  out  before 
a  brick  was  laid.  The  little  that  one  man  can  personally 
accomplish  in  these  days  would  scarcely  make  a  ripple  on  the 
surface  of  commercial  trade. 

The  inventive  and  initiative  mind  of  a  well  balanced  man 
is  the  greatest  blessing  to  mankind,  and  especially  to  its  pos- 
sessor if  he  has  faith  in  himself  and  the  necessary  courage 
and  ability  to  execute  his  ideas  in  a  business  project.  To 
draw  men  to  him,  to  inspire  them  with  his  views  and  aspira- 
tions, his  hope,  courage,  and  steadfastness,  in  good  times  and 
bad,  he  must  be  a  leader  of  men.  Such  is  our  friend  Mr. 
Whitman.  In  fact,  such  a  man  must  be  an  optimist,  an 
idealist  of  the  best  type,  also  a  seer  who  can  forecast  the 
future  and  allow  no  circumstances  to  discourage  him.  Few 
men  have  these  requisites  in  as  large  a  degree  as  our  friend 
Whitman. 

We  will  now  show  you  on  the  canvas  some  lantern  slides 
which  will  illustrate  what  Mr.  Whitman  has  been  able  to 
accomplish  in  upbuilding  the  woolen  and  cotton  industries  of 
our  Commonwealth,  —  cotton  and  woolen,  —  and  in  building 
towns  and  cities  in  waste  places,  giving  work,  the  greatest 
blessing  to  mankind,  to  thousands  of  people. 

Some  have  criticised,  but  we  have  met  to  praise  and  to  give 
credit   to  his  strength  of  character  while  he  is  still  alive.    / 
This  is  better  than  erecting  monuments  to  him  after  he  is 
dead.     It  is  a  small  reward  to  him,  and  will  do  us  more  good 
than  it  will  him. 

So  we  honor  and  greet  to-night  one  who  had  confidence  to 
build  the  mills  that  you  will  see  and  faith  to  believe  that  the 
country  would  sustain  him  and  his  successors  in  manufac- 
turing the  textiles,  cotton  and  woolen,  needed  by  the  great 
American  people. 

Mr.  Whitman  is  president  of  five  of  probably  the  largest 
industries  in  the  world,  and  we  will  present  to  you  on  the 


] 


canvas  pictures  of  these  mills.  First  come  the  Arlington 
Mills,  with  a  capital  of  18,000,000.  Then  come  the  Manomet 
Mills,  with  a  capital  of  12,000,000,  the  Nashawena  Mills, 
with  a  capital  of  '18,000,000,  the  Nonquitt  Spinning  Com- 
pany, with  a  capital  of  12,400,000,  the  Monomac  Spinning 
Company,  with  a  capital  of  f 750,000,  —  a  grand  total  of 
116,150,000,  with  employees  numbering  13,625,  with  a 
weekly  wage  of  $121,750  and  an  annual  payroll  aggregating 
$6,331,000.  The  machinery  in  the  above  mills  will  consume 
annually  75,000  bales  of  cotton  and  60,000,000  pounds  of 
wool,  and  as  we  said  before,  the  payroll  is  $6,000,000. 

When  I  read  a  few  of  these  figures  to  one  of  the  leading 
citizens  of  Boston  recently,  he  said,  "  Is  that  true  ?  Well, 
that's  going  some."  We  think  it  is  going  some.  It  reminds 
me  of  a  story  bf  a  man  who  was  trying  to  sell  some  horses. 
He  brought  out  one  that  was  coming,  another  that  had  been. 
He  said,  "  Gentlemen,  I  want  no  horse  that  has  been.  I  want 
no  horse  that  is  coming,  I  want  an  i8-er."  Mr.  Whitman 
is  still  an  iVer.  And  now  we  propose  to  demonstrate  to 
you  on  the  canvas  what  he  has  been  able  to  stimulate,  guide 
and  direct  in  this  great  Commonwealth  of  Massachusetts. 

(The  diners  were  then  shown  stereopticon  views  of  the 
five  mills  which  Mr.  Hopewell  had  just  referred  to,  a  table 
showing  the  number  of  employees,  the  payrolls,  etc.,  and  a 
portrait  of  the  guest  of  the  evening.) 

The  Toastmaster.  —  Gentlemen,  while  this  dinner  is 
given  to  Mr.  Whitman  in  honor  of  his  retirement  as  Presi- 
dent of  the  National  Association  of  Wool  Manufacturers,  it 
is  by  no  means  his  retirement  from  business,  in  which  he  will 
still  remain  an  active  and  potential  factor.  (Applause.)  I 
trust  that  he  will  long  remain  so.  Everything  points  to  it. 
Though  born  in  Nova  Scotia  his  ancestry  had  their  home  in 
our  own  dear  Commonwealth,  in  the  near  town  of  Weymouth. 
His  venerable  father,  now  rounding  out  one  hundred  yeara, 
still  lives.     (Applause.)     It  is  a  long  lived  race.     As  you 


32 


33 


will  see  from  his  picture,  he  is  an  eternal  youth.  I  don't 
know  why  it  should  remind  me,  but  it  does  remind  me  of 
that  very  old  story  of  the  man  who,  hearing  of  a  centenarian, 
went  to  his  house  and  finding  a  venerable  personage  congratu- 
lated him  upon  his  years.  The  reply  was,  "  Oh,  no,  it  isn't  I 
that  you  want  to  see,  it  is  my  father.  He  is  with  my  son  out 
in  the  hay  field  hard  at  work.*'  I  present  to  you  not  the 
father,  but  the  son,  who  is  still  in  the  hay  field  hard  at  work 
(applause),  our  honored  guest  of  the  evening,  Mr.  William 
Whitman.     (Three  cheers  for  Mr.  Whitman,  every  one  rising.) 

MR.  WILLIAM   WHITMAN. 

Mr.  Toastmaster,  Invited  Guests  and  Gentlemen  : 

I  find  it  difficult  to  put  into  language  an  expression  of  my 

feelings  on  this  occasion.     I  only  wish  that  I  deserved  the 

encomiums  given  me  to-night.     It  is  exceedingly  gratifying 

to  have  such  an  expression    of    confidence.    I  remember 

many  years  ago  speaking  to  the   then   President  of    the 

Arlington  MiUs,  Mr.  Joseph  Nickerson,  whom  some  of  the 

older  men  present  remember  well.     It  was  in  the  early  days 

of  the  company,  when  we  were  struggling.     I  didn't  know 

much  about  the  business,  I  felt  uncomfortable  and  uneasy, 

and   I  said   to   him,    "  Captain,  are   you   satisfied  with   my 

work  ?"     He  turned  and  looked  at  me  and  said,  "  I  had  not 

supposed  that  you  were  a  little  boy  that  needed  to  be  patted 

on  the  back.    If  I  had  not  been  satisfied  I  would  have  told 

you  80." 

My  experience  teaches  me,  however,  that  there  is  no  man, 
no  matter  how  strong  and  self-reliant  he  may  be,  who  does 
not  at  times  appreciate  the  commendation  of  his  fellows.  I 
am  afraid  that  it  is  characteristic  of  our  people  to  refrain 
from  giving  expression  to  all  that  they  feel,  and  to  have  such 
expressions  as  have  been  given  to-night  touches  me  very 
deeply.  As  I  said  before,  I  only  wish  that  I  deserved  them. 
(Voices  :  "  You  do,"  and  applause.)  I  thank  you,  gentlemen, 
for  tendering  me  such  a  high  compliment,  and  I  thank  the 
President,  the   Toastmaster,  and  the  gentlemen  who  have 


addressed  you  for  their  kindly,  friendly,  and  appreciative 
I  expressions. 

I  regret  that  the  completion  of  the  portrait  tendered  me  by 
the  National  Association  of  Wool  Manufacturers,  to  which 
you,  Mr.  President,  referred  in  your  address,  has  been  delayed 
by  my  recent  illness  and  that  some  friends  are  disappointed 
that  it  cannot  be  presented  to-night.  My  grateful  acknowl- 
edgments for  the  testimonial  will  be  offered  later. 

Some  friends  have  suggested  that  instead  of  delivering  a 
formal  address  this  evening  it  would  be  more  appropriate  for 
the  occasion,  and  perhaps  more  interesting  to  you,  if  I  talked 
somewhat  informally  about  my  personal  experiences  in  con- 
nection with  the  development  of  the  textile  industries.  In 
complying  with  this  suggestion  I  must  confess  to  being 
oppressed  with  the  feeling  that  I  may  not  succeed  in  interest- 
ing you,  and  indulging  in  personal  reminiscences  lays  one 
open  to  the  charge  of  becoming  old. 

There  are  relatively  few  boys  beginning  the  work  of  life 
so  circumstanced  that  they  are  free  to  make  choice  of  a  voca- 
tion. Necessity  compels  securing  such  employment  as  may 
be  obtained  for  a  livelihood,  without  reference  to  special 
fitness  for  the  work.  When  some  great  dominating  predilec- 
tions exist,  an  industrious  and  ambitious  young  man  often 
succeeds  in  bursting  the  bonds  of  his  environment  and  finds 
his  natural  and  therefore  most  efficient  sphere  of  labor. 
Most  of  us,  however,  drift  through  life,  and  there  are  conse- 
quently more  misfits  than  fits  in  every  vocation. 

In  order  to  give  evidence  as  an  expert  one  must  qualify  as 
to  fitness.  Few  men  have  had  quite  so  varied  an  experience 
in  connection  with  textiles  as  myself.  I  have  always  been 
identified  either  directly  or  indirectly  with  them,  and  my 
present  work  in  life  as  a  merchant  and  manufacturer  is 
undoubtedly  a  natural  outgrowth  of  early  environment. 

My  earliest  recollections  are  of  the  farm  upon  which  I 
lived  during  the  first  six  years  of  my  life.  The  next  six 
years'  experiences  belong  about  equally  to  my  grandfather's 
farm  and  to  my  father's  village  store.  On  the  farm  I  became 
familiar  not  only  with  sheep  husbandry  but  with  the  wool 


*  I 


m 


■A 


I 


34 

manufacture  as  a  household  industry  for  family  clothing  — 
an  industry  which  embraced  all  the  processes  used,  such  as 
cleaning  the  wool,  hand  carding,  spinning,  dyeing,  and  hand- 
loom  weaving.  Memory  of  the  cumbrous  hand  loom  in  my 
great-grandmother's  kitchen,  and  of  the  good  lady  herself 
when  one  hundred  years  of  age  engaged  in  knitting  woolen 
stockings,  is  still  vivid. 

The  seaside  vilhige  store  was  an  excellent  training  school. 
I  know  of  none  better  for  a  boy.  There  one  could  learn  in 
a  limited  but  practical  way  the  comparative  values  of  the 
products  of  the  factory,  of  the  soil,  and  of  the  sea,  and 
the  nature  of  exchanges.  But  whether  on  the  farm,  in  the 
village  store,  or  in  my  home,  I  was  expected  to  lend  a  help- 
ing hand.  The  expectation  fitted  in  with  my  inclinations, 
for  I  think  that  during  my  whole  life  I  have  enjoyed  work. 

This  training  was  such  that  I  was  delegated  to  load  a 
vessel  to  come  to  Boston  when  I  was  eleven  years  old,  and 
was  fortunate  in  obtaining  the  consent  of  my  mother,  who 
had  perhaps  more  confidence  in  me  than  some  others,  to 
come  to  Boston  alone  under  the  care  of  the  captain.  That 
was  the  first  time  that  I  saw  this  beautiful  city. 

At  the  age  of  twelve  I  left  home  alone  and  for  the  next 
two  years  was  employed  by  a  wliolesale  and  retail  dry  goods 
firm  in  St.  John,  New  Brunswick.  During  this  period  I  had 
the  advantage  of  excellent  training,  and  of  varied  employ- 
ment such  as  seldom  falls  to  the  lot  of  a  boy.  First  in  the 
counting  room  under  an  accomplished  accountant ;  in  addi- 
tion to  the  routine  work  belonging  to  an  ofiice  boy  I  became 
a  good  rapid  penman  and  quick  and  accurate  at  figures. 
There  was  hardly  any  kind  of  work  about  the  business  that 
I  did  not  assist  in  performing  and  with  which  I  was  not  per- 
fectly familiar. 

When  there  was  no  work  in  the  wholesale  department  in 
the  spring  of  1856  I  was  transferred  to  the  retail  department 
and  acted  as  a  salesman  behind  the  counter.  There  I 
acquired  a  knowledge  of  all  kinds  of  textile  fabrics  that 
were  used  in  that  country,  all  of  which  were  imported  from 
other  countries.    In  fact,  even  at  that  early  age  I  might  have 


35 

used  the  language   which  Henry  Kingsley  puts  into   the 
mouth  of  Mrs.  Arnaud : 

"  From  my  knowledge  of  textile  fabrics  I  could  hanff 
myself  in  my  stockings  dexterously." 

Possibly  before  the  evening  is  over  I  may  be  guilty  of 
some  such  act.  ^        o      j 

Little  events  often  change  the  current  of  men's  lives.  In 
those  days  there  were  no  saleswomen.  The  retail  salesmen 
were  for  the  most  part  full  grown,  highly  trained  men, 
obtamed  from  England,  Scotland,  and  the  north  of  Ireland 
One  of  these  men,  without  provocation,  violently  kicked  me. 
I  left  the  store  at  once  and  could  not  be  persuaded  to  return. 
I  had  determined  to  come  to  Boston,  and  to  Boston  I  came 
alone  in  the  early  summer  of  1856  at  the  age  of  fourteen. 
Ihe  overt  act  had  clinched  the  decision. 

For  the  first  and  only  time  in  my  life  I  solicited  employ- 
ment  and   was   fortunate   in  securing  it  with   the  firm  of 
James  M.  Beebe,  Richardson  &  Co.,  then  the  leading  whole- 
sale  dry  goods  importing  and  jobbing  firm  in   the   United 
states.     My  first  work  began  almost  immediately  upon  enter- 
ing the  store,  but  it  was  found  necessary,  because  I  was  so 
small  at  that  time,  to  build  a  platform  for  me  to  stand  on  in 
order  that  I  might  carry  on  the  work.     The  firm  name  was 
soon  changed  to  James  M.  Beebe  &  Co.     I  remained  with 
the  house  for  about  eleven  years,  or  until  it  went  out  of 
existence  being  the  last  person  in  its  employ.     I  began  as  an 
entry  clerk,  but  was  rapidly  promoted  from  one  position  to 
another  until  I  became  confidential  clerk  and  general  office 
manager. 

Some  time  prior  to  the  close  of  the  Civil  War  Messra. 
Beebe  &  Co.  retired  from  the  importing  and  jobbing  busi- 
ness and  engaged  in  the  wholesale  dry  goods  commission 
business,  becoming  the  selling  agents  for  several  corpora, 
tions  manufacturing  ginghams,  prints,  delaines,  spool  cotton, 
and  woolen  cloths,  a  part  of  which  business  was  taken  over 
from  the  old  firm  of  A.  &  A.  Lawrence  &  Co.  when  it  went 
out  of  business. 

It  may  be  of  interest  to  you  to  know  that  from  the  firm 


36 


of  James  M.  Beebe  &  Co.  came  many  really  prominent  busi- 
ness men.  Just  prior  to  my  entering  their  employ  Mr. 
Junius  S.  Morgan,  who  had  been  a  partner,  left  the  firm  to 
become  a  partner  with  George  Peabody  &  Co.,  the  great 
American-London  bankers.  Mr.  Levi  P.  Morton,  now  living 
and  an  associate  on  the  board  of  directors  of  the  Equitable 
Life  Assurance  Society,  was  also  a  partner  of  Mr.  Beebe 
prior  to  that  time.  Mr.  Ebeu  D.  Jordan,  to  whom  I  will 
refer  later,  had  also  been  in  the  employ  of  Mr.  Beebe. 
Coming  down  to  more  recent  times,  Mr.  Cornelius  N.  Bliss 
was  connected  with  that  firm,  and  the  late  Mr.  George  F. 
Fabyan  also,  both  of  them  being  in  the  employ  of  the  firm 
when  I  went  there  in  1856. 

I  wish  here  to  express  my  grateful  recognition  of  the  high 
character  and  ability  of  the  gentlemen  with  whom  it  has 
been  my  good  fortune  to  be  associated  during  my  business 
life.  They  were  and  are  gentlemen  who  bring  honor  to  the 
name  of  the  American  manufacturer  and  merchant. 

In  the  early  part  of  1867  I  formed  a  connection  with 
Robert  M.  Bailey  &  Co.,  who  were  then  selling  agents  of 
the  Arlington  Woolen  Mills,  the  name  of  which  was  after- 
wards changed  to  Arlington  Mills.  At  about  the  same  time 
I  was  elected  to  the  treasurership  of  this  corporation.  When 
the  honored  Mayor  of  Lawrence  addressed  you  to-night  it  was 
with  great  difficulty  that  I  could  realize  it  to  be  possible  that 
I  became  treasurer  of  that  corporation  before  the  gentle- 
man was  born.  The  original  mill  had  been  destroyed  by 
fire  the  previous  year  and  the  new  mill  was  in  course  of 
construction.  It  was  intended  for  a  shirting  flannel  mill, 
but  the  owners  decided  to  engage  in  the  manufacture  of 
women's  and  children's  dress  goods  made  with  cotton  warp 
and  worsted  filling.  I  have  been  connected  with  this  concern 
in  various  capacities  from  that  time  to  the  present  with  the 
exception  of  about  six  months  in  1869.  During  that  inter- 
mission I  became  part  owner  of  a  mill  at  Ashland,  N.H., 
manufacturing  fancy  shirting  flannels.  It  was  not  until 
1888  that  I  engaged  in  mercantile  business  on  my  own 
account.     On  the  first  of  January  of  that  year  I  entered  the 


37 

firm  of  Harding,  Colby  &  Company,  and  my  firm  became  the 
selling  agents  of  the  Arlington  Mills.  A  little  more  than  a 
year  later  Mr.  Colby  died,  and  in  December,  1889,  the  firm 
was  succeeded  by  the  firm  of  Harding,  Whitman  &  Company, 
of  which  I  became  the  managing  partner,  and  on  July  1, 
1909,  it  was  succeeded  by  the  present  firm  of  William' 
Whitman  &  Company. 

In  1895  I  became  interested  in  the  cotton  manufacturing 
in  New  Bedford,  beginning  with  the  Whitman  Mills  and 
continuing  with  the  Manomet  Mills,  Nonquitt  Spinning 
Company,  and  Nashawena  Mills. 

In  1910  I  engaged  in  building  a  worsted  and  merino  spin- 
ning plant  in  Lawrence  which  is  just  completed.  It  will  prob- 
ably be  incorporated  under  the  title  of  "Monomac  Spinning 
Company." 

In  1909  I  became  interested  in  building  a  cotton  mill  at 
Calhoun  Falls,  S.C. 

The  chairman  of  your  committee  has  exhibited  upon  the 
screen  nearly  all  the  different  enterprises  with  which  I  have 
been  and  am  now  connected.  The  firm  of  William  Whitman 
&  Company  act  as  selling  agents  for  all  of  the  mills  shown 
upon  the  canvas.  It  is  generally  supposed  that  I  have  been 
exclusively  connected  with  the  woolen  manufacture ;  as  a 
matter  of  fact,  my  interests  in  the  cotton  manufacture  are 
greater  than  those  in  woolen. 

So  much  by  way  of  qualification  for  talking  to  you  with 
some  degree  of  familiarity  with  the  development  of  the  textHe 
industry  during  the  past  fifty-seven  years.  This  slight  sketch 
exhibits  a  rather  striking  contrast  to  recent  pictures  that  have 
appeared  in  some  public  prints. 

In  1856  Boston  was  the  center  of  the  cotton  and  wool 
textile  industries  of  the  country,  both  as  to  the  manufacture 
and  as  to  distribution.  It  also  enjoyed  the  prestige  of  being 
the  most  prominent  of  the  dry  goods  jobbing  cities.  Twice 
a  year  from  every  quarter  buyers  came  to  it.  During  the 
busy  seasons  the  packing  rooms  of  my  employers  were  filled 
with  miscellaneous  goods  for  shipment.  Traveling  salesmen 
were  not  then  employed. 


38 


m 


The  buyers  of  that  day  or  their  successors  have  long  since 
outgrown  their  original  sources  of  supply  in  textiles,  and 
their  business  greatly  exceeds  in  magnitude  that  of  those  of 
whom  they  formerly  bought.  The  methods  of  distribution 
have  been  revolutionized.  Boston  failed  to  maintain  its 
supremacy  as  a  manufacturing  and  distributing  center 
because  its  capital  and  efforts  were  turned  to  other  channels 
of  development  which,  unfortunately,  were  regarded  with 
greater  favor  than  the  textile  business.  During  the  last 
decade,  however,  a  marked  change  favorable  to  textile  indus- 
tries has  taken  place  in  the  attitude  of  Boston  investors. 

At  that  period  the  woolen  industry  has  been  established 
for  more  than  half  a  century,  the  factory  system  of  the  cotton 
industiy  for  more  than  forty  years  and  some  minor  branches 
of  the  silk  industry  had  been  in  existence  for  many  years. 
The  manufacture  of  ingrain  carpets  began  as  early  as  1842, 
of  Wilton,  Brussels  and  tapestry  carpets  in  1845,  all  under 
the  patents  of  that  most  remarkable  genius,  Mr.  Erastus  B. 
Bigelow.  The  successful  manufacture  of  ginghams  with 
power  looms  was  established  as  early  as  1850  at  the  Lancaster 
Mills  under  Mr.  Bigelow's  supervision,  though  begun  a  few 
years  earlier,  but  the  development  of  textile  industries,  how- 
ever, had  been  comparatively  slow  and  had  been  confined  to 
the  coarsest  and  commonest  kinds  of  goods. 

The  following  is  an  interesting  statement  in  the  "  Boston 
Transcript "  of  March  3,  1869,  of  an  interview  with  Mr. 
Eben  D.  Jordan,  founder  of  Jordan,  Marsh  Company,  one  of 
the  ablest  and  most  progressive  merchants  of  his  time : 

The  firm  has  now  been  in  business  more  than  eighteen 
years.  When  they  began  there  were  but  one  or  two  articles, 
outside  the  plain,  cotton  fabrics,  in  their  trade  that  were  not 
obtained  from  abroad.  Now,  but  one-tenth  of  their  entire 
stock  yearly  sold  passes  through  the  Custom  House  and  that 
is  composed  of  the  highest  range  of  goods  not  sought  for  by 
the  people  at  large.  Mr.  Jordan's  experience,  gathered  from 
repeated  visits  to  distant  markets,  leads  him  to  confidently 
believe  that  ere  long  America  will  depend  entirely  upon  her 
own  industry  to  clothe  the  masses  of  her  people  and  will 
eventually  command  her  share  of  the  trade  of  the  world. 


39 


A  large  part  of  this  prophecy  has  been  abundantly  verified. 
America  now  out  of  her  own  industry  does  clothe  the 
masses  of  her  people.  Although  statistical  information  is 
necessarily  inadequate  to  any  proper  description  of  growth, 
3^et  the  following  summarized  statement,  compiled  from  the 
census  report  of  1905,  conveys  some  comprehensive  idea  of 
the  development  in  textiles  from  1860  to  1905. 

The  total  capital  invested  in  the  United  States  in  com- 
bined textiles  in  1860  was  1150,080,852  and  the  total  value 
of  the  products  was  $214,740,614. 

The  total  capital  invested  in  the  United  States  in  combined 
textiles  in  1905  was  $1,343,324,605  and  the  total  value  of 
the  products  was  11,215,036,792.  In  1905,  therefore,  the 
capital  employed  was  about  nine  times  that  employed  in 
1860  and  the  value  of  the  products  in  1905  was  about  six 
times  the  value  of  those  in  1860.  From  1905  to  1910  the 
increase  has  relatively  been  very  much  greater  than  at  any 
corresponding  period. 

A  few  illustrations  may  better  serve  to  show  the  magni- 
tude of  the  growth  of  textile  industries.  Our  annual  pro- 
duction of  raw  cotton  has  more  than  quadrupled  since  1856. 
It  is  now  about  two-thirds  of  the  commercial  supply  of  the 
world.  Our  annual  consumption  of  raw  cotton  is  now 
about  seven  times  the  quantity  consumed  in  1856,  and  is 
greater  than  that  of  any  other  country,  and  equivalent  to 
about  the  consumption  of  Great  Britain  and  Germany  com- 
bined. There  are  in  operation  in  our  country  to-day  about 
six  times  as  many  cotton  spindles  as  there  were  in  1860, 
or  about  one-fourth  of  the  world's  total  number  of  cotton 
spindles. 

The  most  noteworthy  development  has  been  in  the  cotton 
growing  States.  In  1860  there  were  in  operation  in  those 
States  only  324,052  cotton  spindles.  These  have  increased 
to  10,801,494  spindles  in  1910  —  a  number  about  thirty-three 
times  as  large  as  that  of  1860.  These  cotton  growing  States 
use  in  their  manufacture  more  cotton  than  do  the  New  Eng- 
land States,  and  about  one-half  of  all  that  is  used  in  the 
United  States.     Massachusetts  has  rather  more  than  two  and 


I 

II 

J) 


40 


one-half  times  as  many  spindles  as  any  other  State,  and  uses 
about  two  times  as  much  cotton.  South  Carolina  ranks 
second  in  number  of  spindles  and  third  in  amount  of  cotton 
consumed.  North  Carolina  ranks  third  in  number  of  spindles 
and  second  in  quantity  consumed.  Nearly  all  of  the  won- 
derful development  of  the  cotton  manufacture  in  cotton 
growing  States  has  taken  place  in  the  last  twenty  years. 

Possibly  no  more  striking  illustrations  in  the  development 
of  the  cotton  manufacture  in  New  England,  within  my 
experience,  are  to  be  found  than  in  the  cities  of  Fall  River 
and  New  Bedford.  In  1856  there  were  only  four  small  cot- 
ton manufacturing  companies  in  Fall  River,  established 
respectively  in  1814,  1822,  1825,  and  1853,  with  a  com- 
paratively small  number  of  spindles.  To-day  this  is  one  of 
the  two  largest  cotton  manufacturing  cities  in  the  country. 

New  Bedford  furnishes  even  a  more  striking  example. 
The  evolution  from  the  whaling  to  the  cotton  industry 
began  in  that  city  in  1847,  when  the  Wamsutta  Mills  was 
incorporated.  In  1856  this  corporation  had  only  30,000 
spindles  and  600  looms,  and  not  until  1860  was  there  an 
increase  of  15,000  spindles  made.  It  was  not  until  1870 
that  there  was  further  mill  construction  begun  in  that  city. 
There  are  now  about  3,000,000  spindles  in  New  Bedford. 
The  great  increase  has  been  during  the  past  sixteen  years, 
and  naturally  I  feel  some  degree  of  satisfaction  in  the  fact 
that  my  associates  and  myself  have  been  the  means  of  con- 
tributing during  that  period  about  one-sixth  of  the  entire 
spindleage  of  that  city.     (Applause.) 

It  is  questionable  whether  during  the  past  fifty-five  years 
there  have  been  any  inventions  involving  new  principles  of 
textile  machinery.  The  improvement  in  the  practical  effi- 
ciency of  the  machinery,  however,  has  been  marvelous.  The 
speed  of  the  cotton  spinning  spindle  has  been  increased  from 
about  6,000  to  say  9,000  turns  per  minute  —  I  am  not  speak- 
ing of  excessive  speeds  but  ordinary  speeds  —  and  the  speed 
at  which  all  other  cotton  machinery  is  operated  has  been 
correspondingly  increased. 

In   1816  in  Waltham  a  weaver  on  a  plain  cotton   cloth 


41 


operated  only  one  loom  at  a  relatively  low  speed.  I  have 
been  unable  to  determine  the  exact  speed,  but  probably 
somewhere  from  80  to  100  picks  per  minute.  In  1850  a 
weaver  operated  four  looms  at  a  much  higher  speed.  When 
the  Northrop  automatic  loom  was  introduced  in  1895,  a 
weaver  operated  eight  looms  at  a  still  higher  speed.  To-day 
•a  weaver  operates  from  sixteen  to  twenty-four  automatic 
looms  on  ordinary  cotton  cloth,  the  number  of  looms  and  the 
speed  at  which  they  are  run  varying  according  to  the  width 
and  the  character  of  the  cloth.  In  a  paper  carefully  pre- 
pared by  Mr.  E.  B.  Bigelow  in  1851,— and,  by  the  way,  I 
look  upon  Mr.  Bigelow  as  one  of  the  greatest  men  that  ever 
lived  in  Massachusetts,  —  it  was  stated  that  the  number  of 
spindles  per  opei-ative  in  a  new  gray  cloth  weaving  mill  at 
that  time  was  fifty-nine  ;  in  an  up-to-date  mill  making  similar 
goods,  I  consider  125  spindles  per  operative  to  be  a  fair 
number.  • 

It  may  be  said  that  improvements  in  machinery  and 
various  mechanical  devices  connected  with  it  and  in  connec- 
tion with  mill  engineering  skill,  have  made  the  labor  of 
operatives  in  cotton  cloth  three  times  as  efficient  in  1911  as  it 
was  in  1856,  and  yet  all  these  inventions  and  improvements 
were  fought  by  the  laboring  man,  fearing  that  they  would 
drive  him  out  of  employment. 

In  the  early  days  of  our  textile  industries  we  were  told 
that  because  of  the  quality  of  the  water,  of  climatic  and 
other  conditions,  it  would  not  be  possible  for  American 
manufacturers  to  bleach,  color,  or  print  their  fabrics  as  well 
as  it  was  done  abroad.  Such  art:atements  were  generally 
believed,  and  naturally  accentuated  existing  prejudices 
against  American  fabrics. 

What  has  been  accomplished  must  have  disappointed  these 
unbelievers.  Within  a  few  days  one  of  the  oldest  and  best 
merchants  in  this  city,  an  importer  of  foreign  goods  all  his 
life,  declared  to  me  in  emphatic  terms  that  our  fine  cotton 
fabrics  of  to-day,  in  perfection  of  manufacture,  in  design,  in 
the  bleaching,  coloring,  printing,  and  finishing  were  equal  to 
any  goods  of  similar  grade  produced  in  any  part  of  the  world. 


If 


42 


This  is  true,  however,  not  only  of  cotton  fabrics,  but  equally 
so  of  textiles  made  of  wool,  or  of  silk,  or  of  combinations  of 
cotton,  wool,  and  silk. 

The  last  half  century  has  witnessed  a  marvelous  growth  in 
the  domestic  silk  manufacture ;  greater  relatively  than  in  any 
of  the  other  textiles.  One  cannot  go  into  details,  but  this 
growth  can  be  gauged  by  the  quantity  of  raw  silk  consumed 
in  1860,  viz.,  462,965  pounds,  with  the  quantity  consumed 
in  1909,  viz.,  20,270,000  pounds.  Therefore  the  con- 
sumption in  1909  was  more  than  forty-three  times  the 
quantity  consumed  in  1860,  or  more  than  one-fifth  of  the 
world's  production.  The  United  States  ranks  second  only  to 
China  in  the  quantity  of  raw  silk  consumed.  In  addition  to 
this,  there  was  consumed  882,000  pounds  of  artificial  silk,  a 
comparatively  new  product  developed  under  foreign  patents 
issued  as  late  as  1885.  The  foreign  value  of  the  imports  of 
raw  silk  for  the  calendar  year  1910  was  $71,136,698. 

The  art  of  wool  manufactuiing  in  its  present  varied  and 
attractive  aspects  is  altogether  a  modern  development  in  the 
United  States.  Up  to  the  Civil  War  the  industry  had  found 
only  a  precarious  foothold,  and  all  branches  of  the  industry 
at  that  time  were  confined  to  what  appear  to  us  now  as  cheap 
and  inferior  goods.  Dr.  John  L.  Hayes  in  a  speech  delivered 
in  Philadelphia  in  1865,  said :  "  To  our  shame  be  it  spoken 
all  our  flags  are  grown,  spun,  woven,  and  dyed  in  England. 
On  the  last  Fourth  of  July  the  proud  American  ensigns 
which  floated  over  every  national  ship,  post,  and  fort,  and 
every  patriotic  home  flaunted  forth  upon  the  breeze  the 
industrial  dependence  of  America  on  England."  In  this 
address  he  spoke  also  of  an  association  of  patriotic  ladies 
formed  in  Washington  in  the  gloomiest  days  of  the  Civil 
War,  who  pledged  themselves  to  wear  nothing  but  American 
fabrics  and  were  surprised  and  mortified  to  discover  the 
extremely  meager  range  of  suitable  dress  goods  of  native 
production. 

Nathaniel  Stevens  began  the  manufacture  of  wool  flannels 
—  this  is  a  bit  personal  —  in  North  Andover  in  1813,  with  a 
small  mill  containing  four  sets  of  forty-inch  cards.     Abraham 


43 


Marland  also  began  the  manufacture  of  flannels  and  blankets 
at  about  the  same  time. 

Grandsons  of  Mr.  Stevens  are  present  to-night,  and  they 
now  operate  the  mills  established  by  their  grandfather, 
although  producing  different  goods,  and  greatly  enlarged. 
A  great-grandson  of  Mr.  Marland  is  also  present.  He  is  the 
Treasurer  of  the  Arlington  Mills,  a  corporation  engaged  in 
manufacturing  the  class  of  goods  which  his  great-uncles  were 
the  first  in  the  country  to  undertake. 

The  following  abstract  of  Mr.  Marland's  testimony  before 
the  Committee  on  Manufactures  at  the  first  session  of  the 
twentieth  Congress  on  January  23,  1828,  is  interesting  and 
instructive  as  showing  the  condition  of  the  industry  at  that 

time : 

He  stated  that  the  pounds  of  wool  manufactured  by  him 

were : 

1826 34,000  Ibfl. 

1826 34,000  •« 

1827 61,000  " 

and  that  in  1825  one-half  of  the  wool  was  imported ;  in  1826, 
one-fourth ;  and  in  1827  none  was  imported.  It  is  interesting 
to  note,  by  way  of  comparison,  that  the  Arlington  Mills  could 
now  comb  in  four  hours  the  quantity  of  wool  which  Mr. 
Hobbs'  greatgrandfather  manufactured  in  one  year.  The 
capital  invested  was  $42,000,  but  part  of  the  property  was 
leased.  The  sales  in  1827  were  about  $40,000.  The  number 
of  hands  was  70  ;  the  men  earned  $6  per  week ;  the  women 
$2.25  to  $2.50  per  week ;  boys  and  girls  8  to  12  yeai-s  old 
$1.50  per  week.  The  hours  of  labor  were  72  per  week ;  now 
they  are  56,  soon  to  be  54.  In  Mr.  Marland's  testimony  he 
speaks  of  the  fact  that  no  worsted  goods  were  made  in  the 
United  States  and  that  the  English  attempted  to  keep  the 
sheep  that  grew  "  combing  wools  "  exclusively  at  home. 

The  worsted  branch  of  the  woolen  industry  in  our  country 
had  its  origin  in  1845  at  Ballardvale,  Mass.  The  first  goods 
to  be  manufactured  were  an  imitation  of  the  French  muslin 
delaine  but  using  a  cotton  warp  instead  of  a  woi-sted  warp. 
The  attempt  was  made  by  Mr.  John  Marland  in  a  limited 


> 


44 


way.  The  wool  used  was  combed  by  hand.  The  under- 
taking proved  a  failure,  but  in  1853  the  first  Pacific  Mill  was 
built  for  the  avowed  purpose  of  manufacturing  worsted  dress 
goods  for  women's  wear,  and  more  especially  for  the  manu- 
facture of  cotton  warp  muslin  delaines,  which  were  then 
being  extensively  imported  into  the  United  States  from  Great 
Britain.  To  this  corporation  belongs  the  honor  of  importing 
the  firat  wool  combing  machine  into  this  country,  the  impor- 
tation being  made  in  1853  and  the  manufacture  of  the  goods 
beginning  in  1854.  This  same  machinery  had  been  used, 
however,  in  England  for  five  or  ten  years  prior  to  this  period. 
The  Pacific  Mills  imported  six  Lister  combing  machines,  and 
the  first  goods  that  were  produced  were  printed  by  printing 
machines,  at  that  time  a  departure  from  the  block  system 
of  printing  that  had  been  in  vogue.  The  first  treasurer  of 
the  Pacific  Mills  was  Mr.  Jeremiah  S.  Young,  who  had 
been  previously  associated  with  Mr.  John  Marland.  He  was 
a  brother-in-law  of  Mr.  Marland  and  a  son-in-law  of  Mr. 
Abraham  Marland.  From  this  small  beginning  the  city 
of  Lawrence  has  become  the  greatest  wool  combing  city  in 
the  United  States.  It  is  estimated  that  its  present  combing 
capacity  is  in  excess  of  135,000,000  pounds  of  greasy  wool 
per  year. 

The  class  of  women's  dress  goods  then  manufactured  has 
long  since  given  way  to  goods  of  an  entirely  different  charac- 
ter, showing  a  great  advance  in  the  art.  The  women's  dress 
goods  and  goods  of  similar  character  now  manufactured  in 
the  United  States  are  in  every  respect  equal  to  the  best 
productions  of  similar  grades  of  any  country,  and  in  many 
respects  they  are  vastly  superior.  There  is  hardly  any  ser- 
viceable article  of  woman's  wearing  apparel  that  is  not  the 
product  of  American  looms.  These  products  are  not  only 
more  serviceable  but  cheaper  than  foreign  goods. 

The  greatest  development  in  the  woolen  industry,  however, 
has  been  in  the  production  of  what  are  known  as  worsted 
fabrics  for  men's  wear.  It  is  somewhat  difficult  to  fix  the 
exact  date  when  American  manufacturers  began  the  making 
of  such  goods,  but  it  was  at  some  time  subsequent  to  1867  — 


45 


subsequent  to  the  time  when  I  became  treasurer  of  the 
Arlington  Mills  — and  undoubtedly  they  were  produced 
almost  simultaneously  by  two  or  three  different  manufac- 
turers. 

From  the  very  beginning  of  the  manufacture  of  worsted 
men's  wear  goods  it  has  been  predicted  that  such  fabrics 
would  diminish  in  popularity,  but  as  a  matter  of  fact  with 
each  succeeding  year  for  more  than  forty  years  they  have 
become  relatively  more  and  more  popular,  and  have  displaced 
to  a  large  extent  woolen  fabrics  that  had  been  previously 
made.  It  does  not  follow,  however,  that  what  are  known  as 
worsted  fabrics  will  displace  what  are  known  as  woolen 
fabrics,  because  in  the  very  nature  of  things  many  classes  of 
worsted  fabrics  fail  to  meet  requirements  which  can  be  suc- 
cessfully met  with  what  are  known  as  woolen  fabrics.  Each 
branch  of  the  woolen  industry  has  its  proper  functions  and 
opportunity.  The  future  development  of  all  branches  of  the 
industry  will  be  governed  by  the  character  of  the  wools 
produced  incident  to  the  best  methods  of  sheep  husbandry. 

The  wool  combing  machine  almost  universally  used  in  the 
United  States  is  known  as  the  Noble  combing  machine.  It 
was  invented  and  put  upon  the  market  very  soon  after  the 
Lister  comb,  and  has  practically  displaced  it.  The  first 
machine  was  brought  into  this  country,  I  think  to  Philadel- 
phia, in  1867.  This  combing  machine  has  been  improved 
from  time  to  time  so  that  it  can  comb  to  equal  advantage  all 
classes  of  wools,  and  has  practically  changed  the  classification 
of  wools,  for  the  short  as  well  as  the  long  wools  can  be 
combed  by  the  machine.  The  growth  of  the  combed  wool 
industry  has  necessitated  the  combing  of  what  has  been 
known  from  the  beginning  of  the  industry  in  this  country  as 
fine  clothing  wool,  so  that  the  distinctions  of  clothing  and 
combing  wools  have  lost  much  of  their  former  significance. 

The  wastes  and  by-products  that  come  from  the  combing 
wool  industry  are  best  adapted  to  be  worked  up  in  what  is 
known  as  the  carded  industry. 

No  invention  within  the  last  one  hundred  years  has  done 
so    much    to    revolutionize    the   woolen    industry,   and    to 


46 


improve  its  character,  as  the  wool-combing  machine,  and  this 
applies  to  every  branch  of  the  industry  —  to  wearing  apparel 
of  men,  women,  and  children,  and  to  all  fabrics  for  furnish- 
ing and  decorative  purposes.  And  the  cotton  comb  in  later 
days  has  accomplished  for  cotton  the  same  results  that  the 
wool  comb  has  accomplished  in  wool. 

It  is  evident  that  the  trend  of  the  whole  textile  manu- 
facture is  toward  finer  and  lighter  weight  fabrics,  this  with- 
out regard  to  the  nature  of  the  materials  used.  Not  only 
this,  but  with  every  year  the  demand  for  better  goods 
increases.  Goods  that  were  salable  when  I  became  interested 
in  manufacturing  would  not  be  salable  now.  The  cost  of 
making  up  garments  has  a  marked  influence  upon  using 
better  materials.  Of  course  there  are  exceptional  cases  and 
exceptional  periods,  but  it  is  recognized  that  it  is  cheaper  for 
the  consumer  to  buy  better  cloths  for  garments  or  garments 
made  of  better  cloths.  They  are  handsomer  in  appearance^ 
more  serviceable  in  wear,  and  therefore  cheaper  in  the  end. 
I  know  that  the  opposite  of  this  has  been  exploited  in  the 
press  and  has  been  generally  believed,  and  particularlj'^  so  in 
reference  to  woolen  and  worsted  fabrics,  but  what  I  state  to 
you  is  the  truth  and  is  confirmed  by  the  preliminary  report 
issued  a  few  weeks  ago  by  the  Bureau  of  the  Census.  The 
American  people  are  wearing  better  goods  than  ever  before. 
(Applause.) 

I  have  presented  a  most  incomplete  and  imperfect  sketch 
of  fifty-five  years  of  textile  development,  but  the  proprieties 
of  the  occasion  have  necessitated  many  limitations. 

The  textiles  of  to-day  are  more  than  necessities.  Were  we 
to  look  upon  them  only  as  such  we  should  fail  to  realize  their 
value.  Were  clothing  confined  to  the  absolute  necessities  of 
covering  the  body  and  securing  warmth  but  little  more  would 
be  required  than  has  been  the  heritage  of  man  from  time 
immemorial.  The  advance  in  the  art  of  textile  manufacture 
has  brought  within  the  reach  of  the  masses  of  our  people  the 
enjoyment  of  comforts,  adornments,  refinements,  and  luxuries 
which  in  early  days  were  not  obtainable  even  by  the  opulent. 
They  have  up-builded  home  life  by  making  it  beautiful  and 


47 


attractive.     The    possibilities,   not    the   necessities   of   life, 
stimulate  textile  production  to-day. 

I  believe  in  the  greatest  possible  diversification  of  national 
industries,  and  that  any  industry  in  which  a  unit  of  labor 
will  produce  as  much  in  our  country  as  in  a  foreign  country 
should  be  encouraged.  I  believe  that  the  welfare  of  our 
country  will  be  promoted  by  the  fullest  development  of  textile 
industries.  I  believe  also  that  from  their  very  nature  the 
prosecution  of  these  and  kindred  industries  appeals  especially 
to  New  England  skill  and  enterprise  for  the  employment  of 
her  people.     Full  employment  insures  prosperity. 

The  future  is  full  of  hope.  The  achievements  of  the  past 
will  prove  to  be  but  fore-runners  of  the  greater  things  to  come, 
and  I  hope  as  long  as  health  and  strength  will  permit  to  con- 
tinue to  perform  my  part  in  this  great  work. 

And  now,  my  friends,  in  closing  permit  me  to  say  that  I 
hope  that  all  of  the  choicest  of  God's  blessings  may  be  with 
you.     (Prolonged  applause.) 

The  Toastmaster.  —  The  evening  is  over. 

Mr.  Hopewell.  —  I  propose  three  cheers  for  William 
Whitman. 

(The  cheers  were  given  enthusiastically,  and  the  gathering 
then  dispersed.) 


LIST   OF   THOSE  PRESENT. 

Those  who  were  present  at  the  dinner,  with  others,  were 


ADAMS,  SAMUEL  G. 
ADIE,  ANDREW 
ANDERSON,  THOMAS   F. 
AVERY,  CHARLES  F. 
AVERY,  ELISHA  L. 
AYER,  NATHANIEL  F. 
BABCOCK,  FREDERIC  L. 
BACON,  CARL  K. 
BAER,  LOUIS 
BAILEY,  JAMES  R.,  Jr. 
BAKER,  D.  I. 
BALL,  THOMAS  H. 


BARBOUR,  WILLIAM 
BARCLAY,  C.  H. 
BARRELL,  WILLIAM  L. 
BARRY,  CHARLES  T. 
BARTLETT,  GERRY  B. 
BATEMAN,  W.  R. 
BATES,  JACOB  P. 
BATTISON,  WILLIAM  J. 
BEEBE, JUNIUS 
BEMIS,  A.  FARWELL 
BENEDICT,  GEORGE  W. 
BENN,  HARRISON 


I 


48 


49 


BENSON.  CLARENCE  E. 
BINN8,  JOHN  H. 
BIRCH,  ALBERT 
BLISS,  H.  W. 
BLODGETT.  ISAAC  D. 
BODFISH,  C.  J. 
BOOTHMAN,  JAMES 
BRADFORD,  HARRY  P. 
BRADLEE,  ARTHUR  T. 
BRADLEE,  EDWARD  C. 
BREMER,  8.  PARKER 
BROCK,  GEORGE  E. 
BROWER,  H.  V. 
BROWN,  H.  MARTIN 
BROWN,  JACOB  F. 
BROWN,  S.  O. 
BULLARD,  GEORGE  E. 
BURGESS,  ROBERT 
BURR,  I.  TUCKER 
BURTON,  JOHN  L. 
BUTLER,  A.  C. 
BUTLER,  WILLIAM  M. 
BUTTERWORTH,  HARRY  W. 
CAHILL,  JOHN  T. 
CAMPION,  RICHARD 
CARPENTER,  F.  H. 
CARROLL,  V.  E. 
CHAMBERLAIN,  ALBERT  H. 
CHASE,  FREDERIC  A. 
CHAVE,  WILLIAM  G. 
CHISHOLM.  HUGH  J. 
CLARK,  C.  H. 
CLARK,  FREDERIC  S. 
CLARKE,  ALBERT 
CLEMENS,  JAMES 
CLEXTON,  THOMAS  J. 
COBURN,  JAMES  E. 
COCHRANE,  JOHN 
COGGESHALL,  JOHN  W. 
COGSWELL,  GEORGE  S. 
COLEMAN,  CORNELIUS  A. 
COOK,  EDWARD  H. 
CORDINGLEY,  W.  R. 
CORR,  PETER  H. 
COUSENS,  LYMAN  M. 
COX,  ARTHUR  M. 
CRIMMINS,  THOMAS  A. 
CROSS,  C.  F. 


CROSS,  EDWARD  M. 
CROSS,  JAMES  F. 
CROWE,  THOMAS  F. 
CUMMINGS,  WILLARD  H. 
CUMNOCK,  A.  0. 
CUMNOCK,  J.  W. 
CURRIER,  ANDREW  J. 
CURRIER,  WILLARD  A. 
CURTIS,  LOUIS 
CUSHING,  LIVINGSTON 
CUTLER,  GRANVILLE  K. 
DAMON,  JOS.  N. 
DANKER,  DANIEL  J. 
DAVIS,  CHARLES  B. 
DAVIS,  LIVINGSTON 
DAVIS,  PHILIP  A. 
DAY,  FRANK  A. 
DAY,  WILLIAM  A. 
DEARING,  FRANK  H. 
DE  NORMANDIE,  PHILIP  Y. 
DEXTER,  HENRY  C. 
DOAK,  JAMES  G. 
DONALD,  DOUGLAS 
DONHAM,  WALLACE  B. 
DOOLEY,  WILLIAM  H. 
DORR,  E.  H. 
DOTY,  GEORGE  H. 
DRAPER,  CLARE  H. 
DRAPER,  EBEN  S. 
DRAPER,  GEORGE  A. 
DUMAINE,  FREDERIC  C. 
DUNCAN,  ALBERT  GREENE 
DUTCHER,  FRANK  J. 
DYSART,  ROBERT  J. 
EAGLES,  HENRY  H.  T. 
EDDY,  A.  H. 
EHRLICH,  ADOLPH 
EISEMANN,  JULIUS 
ELLIOTT,  A.  W. 
EMERSON,  HENRY  D. 
EMERSON,  MILLARD  F. 
EMERY,  ALLAN    C. 
EVERETT,  HENRY  C. 
FABYAN,  FRANCIS  W. 
FAIRBANKS,  CHARLES  F. 
FARNSWORTH,  WILLIAM 
FARWELL,  JOHN  W. 
FENNO,  JOHN  A. 


FILLEBROWN,  C.  B. 
FIRTH,  WILLIAM 
FISH.  CHARLES  H. 
FISLER,  JOHN 
FITCH,  EZRA  C. 
FITCH,  LOUIS  H. 
FLATHER,  FREDERICK  A. 
FLETCHER,  H.  H. 
FORSTMANN,  JULIUS 
FOSTER,  HAMILTON  S. 
FOYE,  E.  ELMER 
FREEMAN,  FREDERIC  W. 
FRENCH,  GEORGE 
GARDINER,  ROBERT  H. 
GARDNER,  ARNOLD  C. 
GARDNER,  WILLIAM  B. 
GASTON,  WILLIAM  A. 
GILL,  A.  E. 
GLEASON,  ALFRED  D. 
GLEDHILL,  ELI 
GOFF,  DARIUS 
GOFF,  D.  L. 
GOFF,  LYMAN  B. 
GOODALL,  GEORGE  B. 
GORDON,  EDWIN  A. 
GRAHAM,  JOHN  M. 
GRANT,  GEORGE  P.,  Jr. 
GRANT,  LINCOLN 
GREENE,  EDWIN  FARNHAM 
GREW,  HENRY  S. 
GRUNDY,  JOSEPH  R. 
HAIG,  DAVID  A. 
HALE,  FRANK  J. 
HALL,  WILLIAM  E. 
HALLETT,  NELSON  A. 
HARDING,  L.  B. 
HARDY,  CHARLES  A. 
HARRIS,  GEORGE  W. 
HARTLEY,  HARRY 
HARTLEY,  THOMAS 
HARTSHORN,   FLOYD 
HARTSHORNE,  WILLIAM  D. 
HASERICK,  ARTHUR  A. 
HASKELL,  EDWARD  H. 
HASTINGS,  WALTER  M. 
HAWES,  WILLIAM  B. 
HAWES,  WILLIAM   C. 
HAYDEN,  CHARLES 


HEATH,  EDWIN  L. 
HECHT,  SIMON  E. 
HECHT,  SUMMIT  L. 
HECKKR,  E.  M. 
HILL,  WILLIAM  H. 
HILL,  WILLIAM  J. 
HOBBS,  CONRAD 
HOBBS,  FRANKLIN  W. 
HOLMES,  STEPHEN   W. 
HOOPER,  JAMES  R. 
HOPEWELL,  FRANK 
HOPEWELL,  FRANK  B. 
HOPEWELL,  JOHN 
HOWARD,  CHARLES  M. 
HOWARD,  PRENTISS 
HOWE,  ALBERT  S. 
HOWE,  FREDERIC  W. 
HOWE,  HENRY  S. 
HOYE,  CHARLES  T. 
HUMPHREY,  OTIS  L. 
HUTCHINS,  C.  H. 
HUTCHINSON,  GEORGE 
HUTZ,  R. 
INGRAM,  R.  O. 
JACKSON,  HENRY  C. 
JEALOUS,  H.  C. 
JEALOUS,  VAUGHAN 
JONES,  ARTHUR  R. 
JONES,  CHARLES  H, 
JONES,  CHARLES  W. 
JONES,  HAYDEN 
JONES,  JEROME 
KEENAN,  WALTER  L. 
KELLER,  CARL  T. 
KENDALL,  HENRY  W. 
KENDALL,  O.  F. 
KENDRICK,  JOHN  E. 
KENNEDY,  GEORGE  E. 
KESSELER,  J.  F. 
KING,  THEOPHILUS 
KING,  THOMAS  B. 
KIRKPATRICK,  ARTHUR  W, 
KITCHIN,  CHARLES  H. 
KITCHIN,  S.  RAYMOND 
KNIGHT,  JESSE  A. 
KNIGHT,  JOSEPH  D. 
KOSHLAND,  A. 
KOSHLAND,  JESSE 


50 


KOSHLAND,  JOSEPH 
KUMMER,  CHARLES  E. 
KUNHARDT.  GEORGE  E. 
LAMONT,  WALTER  M. 
LANGSHAW,  WALTER  H. 
LAPHAM,  LEONARD  C. 
LASBURY,  WILLIAM  M. 
LASELL,  JOSIAH  M. 
LATSHAW,  S.  R. 
LAWTON,  GEORGE  R. 
LEONARD,  CHARLES  W. 
LIEBMANN.  HARRY 
LIVERMORE,  WILLIAM  D. 

LOCKWOOD,  H.  Deforest 

LOCKWOOD,  THOMAS  S. 
LONG,  JOHN  D. 
LORD,  HENRY  G. 
LOTHROP,  A.  E. 
LOVELL,  ARTHUR  T. 
LOWE,  A.  H. 

mabbett,  george 
mabbett,  h.  e. 
McCarthy,  jeremiah  j. 

McCLEARY,  JAMES  T. 
MacCOLL,  J.  R. 
MacDONALD,  JAMES  A. 
McDUFFIE,  FREDERIC  C. 
McKlNLEY,  WILLIAM,  Jr. 
MACLAURIN,  RICHARD  C. 
McNEEL,  R.  W. 
McPHERSON,  JOHN  BRUCE 
MAKEPEACE,  CHARLES  R. 
MANNING,  FRANCIS  H. 
MANSFIELD,  E    A. 
MARLAND,  WILLIAM  H. 
MARSTON,  JOHN  P. 
MARTIN,  FAY  H. 
MARVIN,  THOMAS  O. 
MARVIN,  WINTHROP  L. 
MAXWELL,  FRANCIS  T. 
MAXWELL,  WILLIAM 
MELLOR,  B.  F. 
MERCER,  JOHN  T. 
MERRIAM,  A.  J. 
MERTZ,  WILLIAM  H. 
METCALF,  JOSEPH 
METCALF,  M.  A. 
MILNE,  JAMES  T. 


MITCHELL,  JOHN  R. 
MORSE,  FRANK  C. 
MORSS,  DANIEL  D. 
MORTON.  MARCUS 
MUMFORD,  GEORGE  S. 
MURFITT,  SAMUEL  C. 
MUURLING,  I.  J.  R. 
NARY,  JOHN  W. 
NELSON,  E.  K. 
NUNN,  C.  P. 
NUTTER,  GEORGE  R. 
NUTTER,  WILLIAM 

O'BRIEN,  ROBERT  LINCOLN 

O'MEARA.  STEPHEN 

OLLENDORFF,  W.  W. 

PAIGE,  EDWARD  D. 

PAIGE,  FRANK  H. 

PAINE,  SIDNEY  B. 

PALFREY,  JOHN  G. 

PARK,  CHARLES  H. 

PARKER,  J.  EARLE 

PARKER,  WALTER  E. 

PARSONS.  EBEN 

PATON,  A.  B. 

PATTERSONt  A.  M. 

PATTERSON,  F.  GORDON 

PEARSON,  CHARLES  H. 

PERKINS,  F.  NATHANIEL 

PHIPPS,  WALTER  T. 

PIERCE,  ANDREW  G.,  Jr. 

PIERCE,  C.  EATON 

PIERCE,  M.  J. 

PIERCE,  WALLACE  L. 

PITT,  ROBERT  M.,  Jr. 

PLUNKETT,  WILLIAM  B. 

POLLARD,  A.  G. 

POUSLAND,  ARTHUR  P. 

POWERS,  SAMUEL  L. 

PRENDERGAST,  JAMES  M. 

PRICE,  WILLIAM 

PUTNAM,  GEORGE  F. 

RAMSEY,  JAMES  C.  Jr. 

RICE,  EDWARD  DAVID 

RICE,  HARRY  L. 

RICHARDSON,  E.  RUSSELL 
RILEY,  CHARLES  E. 
ROBBINS,  A.  E. 
ROBERTS,  C.  E. 


1 


51 


ROUSMANIERE,  JOHN  E. 
RUSSELL,  D.  A. 
RUSSELL,  RICHARD  S. 
SAGAR,  ALFRED 
SALTER,  R.  J. 
SAMPSON,  THOMAS 
SCHOULER,  R.  S. 
SEARLE,  CHARLES  P. 
SEARS,  EDMUND  H. 
8EELEY,  A.  B. 
SHAW,  WALTER  K. 
SHERMAN,  F.  A. 
SHIRREFFS,  JOHN 
SHUMAN,  SIDNEY  E. 
SHUTTLEWORTH,  MOSES  L. 
SIMPSON,  GEORGE  W. 
SIMPSON,  W.  P. 
SINGLETON,  GEORGE  F. 
SMITH,  ABBOTT  P. 
SMITH,  B.  F. 
SMITH,  C.  B. 
SMITH,  GEORGE  S. 
SMITH,  GEORGE  W. 
SMITH,  JAMES  T. 
SMITH,  STUART  J. 
SNELLING,  R.  PAUL 
STANWOOD,  EDWARD 
STEVENS,  J.  P. 
STEVENS,  MOSES  T. 
STEVENS,  NATHANIEL 
STEVENS,  RALPH  L. 
STEVENS,  SAMUEL  D. 
STOCKTON,  PHILIP 
STONE,  A.  P. 
STUDLEY,  ROBERT  L. 
SWAIN,  GEORGE  FILLMORE 
SWEATT,  WILLIAM  H. 
SWINDELLS,  FREDERICK 
SWINDELLS,  F.  W. 
SYKES,  DAVID  A. 
THAYER,  EUGENE  V.  R. 
THAYER,  NATHANIEL  N. 
THORNTON,  GEORGE  M. 
TODD.  ROBERT  T. 
TODD,  WILLIAM  O. 


TUCKER,  PHILIP  M. 
UNDERWOOD,  HERBERT  S. 
VINTON,  FREDERIC  P. 
WADE,  AUSTIN  P. 
WAKEMAN,  WILBUR  F. 
WALLS,  A.  B.,  Jr. 
WALWORTH,  CHARLES  W. 
WANGENHEIM,  H. 
WARREN,  NATHAN 
WATERMAN,  GEORGE  H. 
WEEDEN,  W.  W. 
WEEKS,  A.  P. 
WELD,  STEPHEN  M. 
WELLINGTON,  S.  G. 
WERNER,  FREDERICK  C. 
WERNER,  JOHN  C. 
WHITIN,  G.  MARSTON 
WHITIN,  HARRY  T. 
WHITING,  HERBERT  A. 
WHITMAN,  ARNOLD 
WHITMAN,  CLARENCE 
WHITMAN,  E.  E. 
WHITMAN,  JAMES  S. 
WHITMAN,  JOHN,  3d 
WHITMAN,  MALCOLM  D. 
WHITMAN,  WILLIAM 
WHITMAN,  WILLIAM,  Jr. 
WHITNEY,  WILLIAM  S. 
WHITTALL,   M.  J. 
WHITTIER,  CHARLES   W. 
WIGGIN,  PARRY  C. 
WILCOCK,  EDWIN 
WILCOCK,  JOHN 
WILLETT,  GEORGE  F. 
WILLIAMS,  A.  M. 
WILLIAMS,  GARDNER  B. 
WILLIAMS,  JOHN  H. 
WILSON,  H.  F. 
WING,  DANIEL  G. 
WITHERBY,  EDWIN  T. 
WOOD,  JOHN  P. 
WOOD,  OTIS  P. 
WOOD,  PENMAN  J. 
WOODBURY,  C.  J.  H. 
YERXA,  HENRY  D. 


COLUMBIA  UNIVERSITY  LIBRARIES 

This  book  is  due  on  the  date  indicated  below,  or  at  the 
expiration  of  a  definite  period  after  the  date  of  borrowing,  as 
provided  by  the  library  rules  or  by  special  arrangement  with 
the  Librarian  in  charge. 


DATE  BORROWED 


DATE  DUE 


DATE  BORROWED 


DATE  DUE 


C«8(84a)M50 


COLUMBIA  UNIVERSITY  LIBRARIES 


0044258356 


D360.t 


W5d 


William  Whitman,  manufacturer, 
merchant,  citizen. 


y>3^^7 


PfA^f 


NEH 


MRR 


')     \ 


m 


/l^ri  0\K)A^ 


FEB  Z  6  1946 


END  OF 
TITLE 


